Term
| How are zoonotic diseases normally transmitted to humans? |
|
Definition
Directly (e.g. contact, bites)
From animal products (e.g. meat)
Vector (e.g. ticks) |
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|
Term
| What is the rarest type of zoonotic disease transmission? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Transmission depends upon the attributes and requirements of what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Examples of environmental impact causing emerging diseases |
|
Definition
Deforestation and urbanization
Climate change
Increasing mosquito habitats (retention ponds) |
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|
Term
| What does Aedes aegypti transmit? |
|
Definition
| Yellow Fever and Dengue Fever |
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Term
|
Definition
| Domesticated and/or wild animals that harbor a pathogen |
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Term
|
Definition
| Host in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-human organism that can react to an environmental contaminant before the contaminant impacts people |
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|
Term
| Which species is the sentinel for West Nile Virus? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Number of seropositive individuals in the population |
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|
Term
| What does a CDC Category A indicate? |
|
Definition
| The most severe level of pathogen |
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|
Term
| What is the Case Fatality Rate? |
|
Definition
| Proportion of infected animals that die from a diseasr |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased proportion of resistant individuals decreases the susceptible population |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
BSE
Chronic wasting disease (deer)
Scrapie (sheep/goats)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease |
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|
Term
| How is rabies transmitted? |
|
Definition
Saliva from an infected animal
Aerosolized bat excrement |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Behavior changes, paralysis, death |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Dysphagia, paralysis, nearly 10% death rate in 2-10 days |
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|
Term
| What kind of pathogen is rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Contagious ecthyma
Sore mouth |
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|
Term
| What kind of pathogen is Orf? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contact with lesions on animal or in the environment |
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|
Term
| How long do shed Orf lesions remain infectious? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chicken-pox type lesion on fingers, hands, face, and arms that can last 6 weeks |
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|
Term
| What kind of pathogen is LCM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the reservoir host of LCM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flu-like, can develop meningitis |
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|
Term
| What kind of pathogen is West Nile Virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reservoir host of West Nile Virus |
|
Definition
| American robin and house sparrow |
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|
Term
| Vector of West Nile Virus |
|
Definition
| Mosquito (Culex pipiens in IL) |
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|
Term
| CS of West Nile Virus in humans |
|
Definition
| Flu-like symptoms which resolve, persistent fatigue. Can be neuroinvasive, causing encephalitis, meningitis, paralysis, and death |
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|
Term
| Where was West Nile Virus first reported? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of pathogen is Avian flu? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Requirements of an epidemic |
|
Definition
1. New emergence in a species with little to no immunity
2. Virus must produce disease in this species
3. Sustainable transmission must occur in new species. |
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|
Term
| Species most affected by H5N1 |
|
Definition
| Poultry (100% mortality in 48 hours) |
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|
Term
| What is the "mixing vessel" of influenza? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which age group had the highest mortality of H5N1? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of pathogen is Hantavirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the reservoir host of Hantavirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CS of Hantavirus in humans |
|
Definition
| Flulike symptoms with rapid progression to respiratory failure |
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|
Term
| How is Hantavirus transmitted? |
|
Definition
| Aerosol of dried feces, urine, or saliva |
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|
Term
| What kind of pathogen is Lassa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the reservoir host of Lassa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Lassa transmitted? |
|
Definition
Aerosolized virus
Direct contact |
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|
Term
| What is the most frequently imported arenavirus in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which zoonoses are bioterrorist threats? |
|
Definition
Lassa
Marburg
Ebola
Anthrax
Q Fever
Brucellosis
Pneumonic plague
Tularemia |
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|
Term
| What type of pathogen is Marburg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmission routes of Marburg |
|
Definition
| Direct contact, possibly insects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flu-like, V/D, followed by DIC, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhage |
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|
Term
| What type of pathogen is Ebola? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmission routes of Ebola |
|
Definition
| Direct contact, possibly insects |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Flu-like, V/D, followed by DIC, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhage |
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|
Term
| Which subtype of Ebola is most dangerous? |
|
Definition
| 4th subtype (human-human transmission) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which form of TB has a human reservoir host? |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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|
Term
| What diseases does Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare cause? |
|
Definition
Johne's Disease
Crohns Disease |
|
|
Term
| Transmission methods of Mycobacterium bovis? |
|
Definition
Ingestion of unpasteurized milk
Aerosol
Reverse zoonosis |
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|
Term
| What is reverse zoonosis? |
|
Definition
| Infected human transmits disease to animal |
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|
Term
| Reservoir host of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare |
|
Definition
| Pretty much everything, including environmental |
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|
Term
| Transmission methods of leptospirosis |
|
Definition
| Contact with infected urine, or through environment |
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Term
|
Definition
| Icterus, bloody diarrhea, renal failure |
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Term
|
Definition
| Non-specific clinical signs OR multi-organ failure and meningitis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) |
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|
Term
| CS of secondary Lyme disease |
|
Definition
| Facial nerve palsy, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, uveitis, meningitis |
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|
Term
| How long does a tick need to be attached before transmitting Lyme disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fever, myalgia, arthralgia, malaise, headache, stiff neck, lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Asymmetric arthritis of large joints
May not respond to Abx
Encephalitis
Encephalopathy
Polyneuropathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cough, wheezing
Abdominal pain
Strabismus
Blindness |
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|
Term
| Animal CS of toxocariasis |
|
Definition
Pot-bellied puppies
Spaghetti-like worms passed or vomited |
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|
Term
| Infectious agent of Chagas disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute CS of Chagas Disease |
|
Definition
| Flu-like with swelling at bite |
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|
Term
| Chronic CS of Chagas Disease |
|
Definition
| Organ failure (usually the heart) |
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|
Term
| How long can Chagas disease remain asymptomatic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of pathogen causes Listeriosis? |
|
Definition
| Listeria monocytogenes, a gram positive rod |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Ingestion of contaminated food and dairy products |
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|
Term
| CS of Listeria in animals |
|
Definition
Encephalitis ("circling disease")
Mastitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mild flu-like
GI/Fever
Abortions
Meningitis |
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|
Term
| Which zoonotic disease is called "Wool sorter's disease"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of pathogen causes anthrax? |
|
Definition
| Bacillus anthracis (gram positive rod) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Skin pustules form blacked scabs
Can lead to septicemia and death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sudden death, bleeding from orifices |
|
|
Term
| Which species can have the chronic form of ingestion anthrax? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Flu-like
Dyspnea, bloody V/D
Sepsis, death in 24-36 hours |
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|
Term
| Most fatal form of anthrax infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common form of anthrax infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is ingestion anthrax most likely to be acquired? |
|
Definition
| After rain (spores released) |
|
|
Term
| How long do clinical signs of anthrax take to appear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of pathogen causes Q Fever? |
|
Definition
| Coxiella burnetti, a gram negative proteobacteria |
|
|
Term
| Reservoir host of Q fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmission methods of Q fever |
|
Definition
Aerosolized from parturient tissue, urine, feces, or milk
Direct contact or ingestion of tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can be subclinical or cause reproductive failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subclinical or flu-like, pneumonia symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Is there a vaccine for Q fever? |
|
Definition
| Yes, but not approved in US |
|
|
Term
| Other names for Brucellosis |
|
Definition
Undulant fever
Malta fever
Bang's Disease |
|
|
Term
| Which type of pathogen causes brucellosis? |
|
Definition
| Brucella, a gram negative coccobaccilus |
|
|
Term
| Transmission methods of brucellosis |
|
Definition
Direct contact
Ingestion
Inhalation |
|
|
Term
| CS of Brucellosis in animals |
|
Definition
Abortion
Orchitis
Lymphadenitis |
|
|
Term
| CS of Brucellosis in humans |
|
Definition
Undulating fever
Muscle and joint pain
Lymphadenitis |
|
|
Term
| How long does Q fever live in the environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does Brucella live in the environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prevention of brucellosis |
|
Definition
| Vaccinate, good hygiene, pasteurization |
|
|
Term
| Why can brucellosis be misdiagnosed as, leading to underreporting of incidence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cause of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
|
Definition
| Rickettsia rickettsi (a gram negative coccobacilli) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mild form: Flu-like
Severe form: Neuro signs, bleeding, heart damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Flu like
Spotted rash
Neuro signs
Pulmonary and circulatory damage |
|
|
Term
| How long must a tick remain attached to transmit RMSF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathogenic agent of plague |
|
Definition
| Yersinia pestis (gram negative coccobaccili) |
|
|
Term
| Where is Yersinia pestis considered endemic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swelling around a bite from a kissing bug |
|
|
Term
| Which species is especially susceptible to plague? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the most common form of plague? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swollen, painful lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Buboes, flu-like, toxemia, petechiae, bloody cough |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Epistaxis
Hematuria
DIC
Tissue necrosis |
|
|
Term
| Which form of plague is most fatal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flu-like with rapid progression to septicemia |
|
|
Term
| Which form of plague is a bioterrorism threat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which form of plague can be transmitted human to human? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How quickly must Tx for pneumonic plague be started to be effective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of pathogen causes Cat Scratch disease? |
|
Definition
| Bartonella henselae (gram negative rod) |
|
|
Term
| Transmission methods of Bartonella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CS of Bartonella in humans |
|
Definition
Lymphadenitis
Abscess at lesion
Fever
Malaise
Splenomegaly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supportive care (not very responsive to Abx) |
|
|
Term
| Which modes of transmission of Tularemia are considered bioterrorism threats? |
|
Definition
| Ingestion (food and water), aerosol |
|
|
Term
| What type of pathogen causes Tularemia? |
|
Definition
| Francisella tularensis (a gram negative rod) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cottontail rabbit and ticks |
|
|
Term
| Transmission methods of tularemia |
|
Definition
Aerosol
Insect bite
Direct contact
Ingestion |
|
|
Term
| How long can tularemia survive in the environment or a dead animal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ulceroglandular
Glandular
Oculoglandular
Oropharyngeal
Typhoidal
Pulmonary |
|
|
Term
| CS of ulceroglandular tularemia |
|
Definition
Ulcers at infection sight
Swollen lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| CS of glandular tularemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CS of oculoglandular tularemia |
|
Definition
Swollen lymph nodes
Conjunctivitis |
|
|
Term
| CS of oropharyngeal tularemia |
|
Definition
Pharyngitis with pseudomembrane
Diarrhea with GI bleeding |
|
|
Term
| CS of typhoidal tularemia |
|
Definition
| Septicemia resulting from other forms or inhalation |
|
|
Term
| CS of pulmonary tularemia |
|
Definition
Pneumonia
Complications from other forms |
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|
