In which environment are more animals in temperate latitudes exposed to a wider variety of temperature?

(a)water, (b)air, (c)neither, they are exposed equally

In which environment are animals exposed to a higher concentrations of oxygen?

(a)water, (b)air, (c)neither, they are exposed equally

Members of which of the following group(s) of organisms lack a stomach?

(a)Agnatha, (b)Chondrichthyes, (c)Osteichthyes, (d)Amphibia, (e)all of the above, (f)none of the above

Members of which of the following group(s) of organisms must lay their eggs in water (or damp environments) because their eggs lack protective shells?

(a)Agnatha, (b)Chondrichthyes, (c)Osteichthyes, (d)Amphibians, (e)all of the above, (f)none of the above

Which of the following nitrogenous waste products is the most soluble in water?

(a)uric acid, (b)ammonia, (c)urea, (d)none of the above, they are equally soluble

Birds eliminate most of their nitrogenous wastes in the form of _?_, while fish eliminate most of their waste in the form of _?_.

(a)urea;ammonia (b)ammonia;uric acid (c)ammonia;urea (d)urea;uric acid, (e)uric acid;ammonia (f)uric acid; urea

Which of the following do not use a lateral line for hearing?

(a)Agnathans, (b)Osteichthyans, (c)Chondrichthyans, (d)larval frogs, (e)adult frogs

Which of the above groups of animals have members with a three-chambered heart?

(a)Agnatha, (b)Chondrichthyes, (c)Osteichthyes, (d)Amphibia, (e)all of the above, (f)none of the above

Which of the following groups of chordates have members that have median fins, but no paired fins?

(a)Amphibians, (b)Agnathans, (c)Osteichthyans, (d)Chondrichthyans

Members of which of the following groups of organisms have movable eyelids?

(a)Agnatha, (b)Chondrichthyes, (c)Osteichthyes, (d)Amphibians, (e)all of the above, (f)none of the above

Evidenced by the amount of brain volume dedicated to it, the special sense in lampreys that is probably the most well developed is the sense of: 

(a)sight, (b)hearing, (c)smell, (d)balance

Frog tadpoles live:

(a)exclusively in fresh water, (b)exclusively in salt water, (c)in neither salt nor fresh water, (d) in either fresh and salt water depending on the time of their life cycle

Of the following four scale types, which is considered most modern?

(a)cycloid, (b)ganoid, (c)ctenoid, (d)placoid

The principle food source making up the diet of larval frogs (tadpoles) is:

(a)insects and other small invertebrates,

(b)algae, (c)fish, (d)flowering plants

Adult frogs hear sounds by using their _?_; larval frogs hear sounds by using their _?_.

(a)tympanic membrane;lateral line, (b)lateral line;tympanic membrane,

(c)tympanic membrane;tympanic membrane,(d)lateral line; lateral line

Which of the above groups of organisms have some members that lay eggs on land that are protected by a hard shell?

(a)Agnatha, (b)Amphibia, (c)Chondrichthyes, (d)Osteichthyes, (e)all of these, (f)none of the above

Which animal in the following list has the most efficient kidney, requiring the least amount of water to eliminate its nitrogenous wastes? 

(a)bullfrog, (b)minnow, (c)shark, (d)hagfish

The vegetal pole of frog eggs contains _?_ and is _?_ in weight than the opposite pole.

(a)yolk;lighter, (b)the embryonic frog;lighter, (c)yolk;heavier, (d)the embryonic frog:heavier

Eggs of most salamanders are fertilized:

(a) internally, (b)externally

Which of the following in present in agnathans?

(a)paired fins, (b)paired gills, (c)both of the above, (d)neither of the above

Larval lampreys feeding strategy is: 

(a) scavenging on dead fish and other dead aquatic animals, (b)sucking blood and body fluids of live fish, (c)filter feeding on algae, (d)catching invertebrates

Larval lampreys live in:

(a)fresh water streams, (b)the ocean,

(c)damp places on land, (d) none of the above

Which of the following scale types is most common in bony fish?

(a)ganoid, (b)placoid, (c)ctenoid

Members of which of the following subgroups of chordates have some members that have a three-chambered heart at least at some time in their life?

(a)Osteichthyes, (b)Chondrichthyes, (c)Agnatha, (d)Amphibia, (e)all of the above, (f)none of the above

Which of the following animals belong to the Order Gymnophonia?

(a)salamander, (b)hagfish, (c)sting ray, (d)caecilian, (e)lamprey, (f)sea horse

Which group of Chordates has more members and more species than any other? 

(a)Agnatha, (b)Amphibia, (c)Chondrichthyes, (d)Osteichthyes

Of the following of the three scales, which is considered most primitive?

(a)cycloid, (b)ganoid, (c)ctenoid

Which of the following forms of nitrogenous wast is least soluble in water, thus requiring the least amount of urine volume to eliminate?

(a)urea, (b)uric acid, (c)ammonia, (d)they have about equal solubility

Which of the following forms of nitrogenous waste is most common in fish?

(a)urea, (b)uric acid, (c)ammonia, (d)they are about equally common

Which of the following of nitrogenous waste is most common in frogs?

(A) urea, (b)uric acid, (c)ammonia, (d)they are about equally common

What constitutes the diet of tadpoles?

(a)fish, (b)insects, (c)Algae, (d) blood and body fluids of other animals

Agnathans all have a _?_ methods of reproduction.

(a)ovoviviparous, (b)oviparous, (c)viviparous

The scales of reptiles are _? in origin; those fish are _?_.

(a)dermal;epidermal, (b)epidermal;dermal, (c)dermal;dermal, (d)epidermal;epidermal

Which of the following four-chambered hearts?

(a)turtles, (b)lizards, (c)alligators, (d)tuataras, (e)snakes, (f)all of the above, (g)none of the above

Compared to the skull of turtles, the skulls of snakes and lizards are _?_ ossified.

(a)much more, (b)much less, (c)equally well

Compared to the rib cage of amphibians, that of reptiles is _?_ well developed.

(a)much more, (b)much less, (c)equally

Compared to the pelvis of amphibians, that of reptiles is _?_ well developed.

(a)much more, (b)much less, (c)equally

Internal fertilization of eggs occurs in __ reptiles.

(a)no, (b)all, (c)some

The main nitrogenous waste product of reptiles is primarily in the form of__; that of birds is primarily in the form of __.

(a)urea;urea, (b)urea;uric acid, (c)uric acid;urea, (d)uric acid, uric acid, (e)urea, ammonia, (f)ammonia, urea

In which subgroup does the egg sometimes hatch into a larval stage that is morphologically dissimilar to the adult form?

(a)snakes, (b)lizards, (c)crocodilians, (d)turtles, (e)sphendons, (f)in no subgroups, (g) in all subgroups