Term
| What is the difference between gross and microscopic anatomy? |
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Definition
Gross anatomy: Large visible structures. Visible to the naked eye.
Microscopic: Examines cells and molecules. Not visible to the naked eye. |
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Term
| From simplest to complex, what are the levels of organization? |
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Definition
| Cellular, tissue, organs, organ systems, organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintaining a stable internal environment. |
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Term
| What is a cell membrane and it's functions? |
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Definition
| The outermost part of the cell. It protects and regulates. |
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Term
| List 2 basic components of the cell membrane |
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Definition
| The phospholipid bilayer and transporter proteins. |
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Term
| How does water cross the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| It goes through diffusion of a channel. |
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Term
| How does oxygen cross the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| It goes through simple diffusion similar to water. |
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Term
| What is a ribosome? What does it do? |
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Definition
| An organelle that synthesizes proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Its ribosomes manufacture all proteins and it is a membrane factory. |
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Term
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Definition
| It catalyes: lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and synthesis of lipoproteins. absorption, transportation, detoxification, and breakdown. |
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Term
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Definition
| Moves substances across the cell surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shaggy hairs that increase the surface area of the cell membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Repackaging. Secretes to the outside of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Divide the cells and help with cell production. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structural protein for strength and shape. Ziplines for organelle and molecule transport. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Control center. Contains code for DNA. |
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Term
| What molecules do your DNA code for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Other than the nucleus, what organelles are used in protein formation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are some proteins made in the rough ER and some made by free ribosomes in the cell? |
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Definition
| Because some are stored and some are secreted |
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Term
| How does the nucleus determine cell function? |
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Definition
| It contains code for protein structure which allows it to determine the function for the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of cells that perform specific functions. |
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Term
| What does muscle tissue do? |
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Definition
| Allows contraction and movement. |
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Term
| What is neural tissue specialized to do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four tissue types? |
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Definition
| Connective, neural, epithelial, and muscle. |
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Term
| Five characteristics that epithelia share |
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Definition
| 1) Cellularity 2)Polarity 3)Attachment 4) Avascularity 5)Regeneration |
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Term
| Functions of epithelial tissue |
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Definition
| Protection and permeability |
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Term
| Where are epithelia found? |
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Definition
| They cover the body surfaces and line cavities. |
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Term
| Why do epithelium have columnar cells and not squamous cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| f. Based on the thickness of the epithelium (number of cells stacked up), what would you suppose is the function of a stratified epithelium? What would you suppose the function of a simple epithelium would be? |
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Definition
| Protection. Simple: Absorption, secretion, and filtration. |
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Term
| Where might you find a stratified squamous epithelium or simple squamous epithelium? |
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Definition
| Stratified: Skin surface and lining of the mouth. Simple: In the kidneys. |
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Term
| How does connective tissue contribute to the framework of the body – where are connective tissues (CT) found? |
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Definition
| It supports, fills, transports, stores, and isolates. Connective tissues are found in cartilage, bone, and blood. |
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Term
| What are the extracellular fiber types of connective tissue? How would changing a connective tissue’s fiber type change its function? |
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Definition
| Reticular, collaged, and elastic fibers. It would change its location and function. |
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Term
| What are: loose CT, dense CT, liquid CT, bone & cartilage? |
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Definition
Loose CT: Areolar, adipose, reticular.
Dense CT: Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic.
Liquid CT: Blood.
Bone: Calcified for weight and support.
Cartilage: flexible, resilient rigidity. Has qualities intermediate between dense connective tissue and bone. Shock absorption and protection. |
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Term
| Compare and contrast dense regular CT and dense irregular CT. |
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Definition
Dense regular CT: Is tightly packed and parallel to collagen fibers. (Tendons and ligaments)
Dense irregular CT: Strength in many directions. Interwoven networks of collagen fibers. |
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Term
| What are the functions of dense and irregular connective tissue? |
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Definition
| Regular: attachment and stabilization. Irregular: Strength. |
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Term
| Where are regular and irregular connective tissue found? |
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Definition
| Regular: Tendons and ligaments. Irregular: skin, cartilage, bones, and ligaments. |
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Term
| Where does the axial skeleton join the appendicular skeleton? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can you identify the bones of the appendicular skeleton on an articulated figure? |
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Definition
| Shoulder, arm, hand, and pelvic girdle. |
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Term
| Which bones make up the limbs? |
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Definition
| Humerus, ulna, radius, phalanges, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, phalanges. |
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Term
| Which bones make up the pectoral and pelvic girdles? |
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Definition
| Pectoral: Clavicle and scapula. Pelvic: ilium, ischium, and pubis. Functions- Pectoral: Connects the upper limbs. Pelvic: Hold in the legs and join the spine. Meet with the sacrum merges with the ilium. |
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Term
| What bone makes the point of your shoulder? |
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Definition
| Achrominion meets the clavicle. |
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Term
| Which bones of the forearm & leg are medial? Which are lateral? |
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Definition
| Forearm: Ulna (Medial), Radius (Lateral). Leg: Tibia (Medial), Femur (Lateral). |
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Term
| What bone makes the point of your lateral wrist? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bones make the medial and lateral bulges of the ankle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bones come together to create the pelvis? |
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Definition
| Ischium, ilium, and pubis. |
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Term
| Which bone do you sit upon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is between the ulna & radius or the tibia & fibula? |
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Definition
| Ulna and radius-a fibrous sheet. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three functional classes of joints? |
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Definition
| Synarthrosis, ampiarthrosis, diarthrosis. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three structural categories of joints? |
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Definition
| Fibrous, cartiliganous, synovial |
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Term
| For each structural type, how do the bones come together (what type of tissue is between the 2 bones involved in the joint?)? |
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Definition
| Fibrous: suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis. Cartilaginous: symphisis, synchondrosis. Synovial: saddle, hinge, ball and socket, planar, condyloid, and pivot. |
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