Term
| first sign of gastrulation |
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Definition
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Term
| morphogens secreted by ~ alter expression of genes in overlying ectodermal cells, turning them into neural precursors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| RNA pol _ binds core promoter |
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Definition
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Term
| what molecule causes RNA pol II to be released from the transcription initiation complex |
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Definition
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Term
| TATA box is first recognized by the protein |
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Definition
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Term
| mutations in TFIIH can cause (symptom); 2 diseases |
|
Definition
sunlight sensitivity
xeroderma pigmentosum
Cockayne's syndrome |
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Term
| the enhancer is DNA that may be bound by |
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Definition
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Term
| _ & _ cause condensation or decondensation of chromatin |
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Definition
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Term
| activators aka co-activators are aka |
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Definition
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Term
| one way chromatin decondensation / condensation is regulated |
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Definition
| histone tail acetylation / deacetylation |
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Term
| histone lysine tail acetylation causes chromatin to _ |
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Definition
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Term
| childhood kidney tumor disease gene. disease is called |
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Definition
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Term
| WT1 is a _ that binds the promotor of tcr factor _ |
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Definition
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Term
| TGF-beta superfamily includes |
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Definition
| TGF-beta, activin, nodal, BMPs |
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Term
| TGF-beta superfamily includes (4) |
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Definition
| TGF-beta, BMPs, activin, nodal |
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Term
| (4) molecules are critical for dorsoventral axis formation |
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Definition
TGF-beta family:
TGF-beta, BMPs, activin, & nodal |
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Term
| _ causes ectoderm --> epidermal differentiation |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes neuronal differentiation of ectoderm |
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Definition
| BMP4's epidermal influence gets thwarted by noggin, chordin, follistatin |
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Term
| TGF-beta superfamily activates the _ family of transcription factors |
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Definition
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Term
| BMP4 is an extracellular signaling molecule. its pathway...: BMP4 --> _ --> _ --> _ which forms _ _ _ |
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Definition
| BMP4 --> binds type II TGF-beta receptor --> binds and phosphorylates type I --> phosphorylates SMAD proteins --> tcr factor complex |
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Term
| _ is critical for head/tail aka _/_ axis formation |
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Definition
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Term
| what axis is critical for correct location of limbs? |
|
Definition
| anterior/posterior i.e. head/tail |
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|
Term
| RA affects _ gene expression patterns |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| does RA have an cytoplasmic membrane receptor or an intracellular one? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| promoters of certain Hox genes contain _ response elements |
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Definition
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|
Term
| RA appears to be critical not only for rostral - caudal axis formation but also for initiating _ _ _ |
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Definition
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Term
| _ is critical for initiation of limb bud outgrowth |
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Definition
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Term
| structures formed along a limb's proximal-distal axis is specified by _ genes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
promotes formation of head structures
blocking BMP4 and Xwnt8 |
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|
Term
| _ can induce the formation of ectopic heads |
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Definition
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Term
| spinal cord's 3 neuron types and their location |
|
Definition
motor: ventral
sensory: dorsal
interneurons in-between |
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|
Term
| notorcord is derived from _ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what gene is important for spinal cord dorsal-ventral axis formation |
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Definition
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|
Term
| notocord is both necessary and sufficient for |
|
Definition
| development of dorsal-ventral axis of spinal cord |
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|
Term
| spinal cord motor neuron concentration depends on _ _ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Shh activates the transcription factor _ _ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| cholesterol is important for _ signaling pathway how? (2) |
|
Definition
for Shh synthesis
for the protein that binds Shh |
|
|
Term
| cyclopia may be caused by problems in (2) |
|
Definition
Shh
cholesterol biosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| two teratogens that cause cyclopia & how they do it |
|
Definition
jervine
cyclopamine
block cholesterol synthesis |
|
|
Term
| sensory neurons of spinal cord are induced by _; motor neurons of spinal cord by _ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a syndrome of cholesterol biosynthesis and a teratogenic result |
|
Definition
Smith-Lemli-Optiz
holoprosencephaly |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| hindbrain expansion at expense of mid- and fore-brain |
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|
Term
| Accutane is a _ drug for treating acne. it should not be used by _ _ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| vitamin _ is teratogenic in large amounts |
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Definition
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|
Term
| thalidomide can inhibit _ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| absence or deficiency of long bones |
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|
Term
| hemangioblasts are derived from _ after _ exposure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| hemangioblasts give rise to _, which --> (2) |
|
Definition
angioblasts
pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
vascular endothelial cells |
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|
Term
| exposure of blood _ _ to _ causes them to differentiate into red blood cells |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| vasculogenesis is _ _ production of blood vessels from _ _ _ |
|
Definition
de novo
lateral plate mesoderm |
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|
Term
| VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor is critical for _ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Avastin is a _ _ which is used to treat _ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| rostral caudal axis established by _ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| dorsal ventral axis established by _ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| angiogenesis can be inhibited by this well-known teratogen |
|
Definition
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