Term
Pepsin
found where?
what does it do? |
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Definition
gastric fluid
cleaves aromatic amino acids |
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Term
Chymotrypsin
found where?
what does it do? |
|
Definition
intestinal
cleaves aromatic amino acids |
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Term
| what does gastric acid do? |
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Definition
| denatures globular proteins |
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Term
| what do endopeptidases do and what are the 4 types? |
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Definition
cleave internal peptide bonds
pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin, elastase |
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Term
| what do exopeptidases do and what are the 2 types |
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Definition
cleave terminal peptide bonds
carboxy- and aminopeptidases |
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Term
| what does trypsin do and where is it found? |
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Definition
cleaves cationic amino acids
intestine |
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Term
| what does elastase do and where is it found? |
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Definition
cleaves small neutral amino acids
intestine |
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Term
| what are aprotinin, bacitracin, and EDTA |
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Definition
| enzyme inhibitors to decrease enzyme degradation |
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Term
| what are enkephalins and LHRH |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
solution
short acting (6-8 h) |
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Term
|
Definition
suspension
protamine
intermediate acting (18-24 h) |
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Term
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Definition
suspension
Zn
intermediate acting (18-24 h) |
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Term
| describe ultralente insulin |
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Definition
suspension
Zn
long acting (24-28 h) |
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Term
| what kind of pump is ALZET implantable minipump? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what kind of membrane do self-regulating systems have? |
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Definition
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Term
| least permeable epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| most permeable epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| tissue with highest proteolytic activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| tissue with lowest proteolytic activity? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| major mechanism of protein absorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 processes of chemical instability of proteins |
|
Definition
hydrolysis
oxidation
photolysis |
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Term
| 4 processes of physical instability of proteins |
|
Definition
denaturation
aggregation
precipitation
adsorption |
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Term
| how does temperature affect protein stability |
|
Definition
high: accelerates protein degradation/denaturation
low: increases instability (coacervation) |
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Term
| 2 drugs that are light sensitive |
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Definition
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Term
| property of protein/container which reduces potency of protein |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 2 amino acids which undergo side chain deamidation? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| side chain deamidation and peptide bond cleavage |
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Term
| 4 proteins that undergo side chain deamidation |
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Definition
| Growth Hormone, Insulin, ACTH, prolactin |
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Term
| at high pH's, which amino acids undergo peptide bond cleavage? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| at low pH, which 2 amino acids undergo peptide bond cleavage? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| certain amino acids susceptible to hydrolysis |
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|
Term
| which 2 amino acid side chains undergo oxidation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which proteins undergo sulfide oxidation |
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Definition
| parathyroid hormone, corticotropin, corticotropin releasing factor |
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|
Term
| what is the loss of globular structure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which 2 proteins self-aggregate? |
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Definition
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Term
| exaple of prtoein that precips |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is site-directed mutagenesis |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| how does freeze drying happen |
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Definition
| removes water by sublimation (under reduced pressure) |
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Term
| what are dextran and albumin? |
|
Definition
| cake forming agents-increases Tg (glass transition temperature)///lyoprotectant |
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Term
| how are lyophilized powders admin'd? |
|
Definition
| reconstituted with water and given as inj |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| benzyl alcohol, phenol, paraben: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| surfactants, lysine, arginine: |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| what protects DNase from light |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what protects TPA from light? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| cause fever/sepsis: endotoxins shed from gram negative bacteria |
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|
Term
| how can endotoxins be removed? |
|
Definition
| ion exchange chromatography |
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Term
|
Definition
| infiltration of T cells (specific) and NK cells into tumor |
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Term
|
Definition
| activates T cells and reduces tumor growth |
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Term
|
Definition
| expression of surface molecules for better recognition of tumor antigens by T cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| stimulates APCs to present tumor antigens to T cells |
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Term
| pro of cytokine gene therapy |
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Definition
| not all cells have to be transfected |
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Term
| what are p53, RB-1, and BRCA-1 |
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Definition
| major tumor suppressing genes |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are bcl-2 and c-FLIP |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Herpes Simplex Virus Thymadine kinase: gene that is intro'd into cancer cells (combo gene therapy) suicide genes |
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Term
|
Definition
prodrug that HSV-tk phosphorylates to turn into cytotoxic product
in suicide gene therapy |
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Term
| risk assoc with retroviral gene therapy |
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Definition
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|
Term
| risk assoc with adenorival gene therapy |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| risk assoc with endotoxin gene therapy |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Herpes Simplex virus, vaccinia virus |
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Term
| what are lipofectin, lipofectAMINE, and DOTAP |
|
Definition
| cationic liposomes (lipid-based vector) |
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Term
|
Definition
| an electrostatic complex formed with cationic liposome and anionic DNA |
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Term
| what are polylysine, polyethylenimine, and PEI? |
|
Definition
| cationic polymers for vectors |
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Term
|
Definition
| complex made of cationic polymers and DNA |
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Term
| what are transferrin, EGF, IgG, folate, antibody? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pH sensitive lipid which destabilizes the endosomal membrane |
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Term
| what is polyethylenimine? |
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Definition
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Term
| what has the highest target specificity |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which has the most efficient expression? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what has the longest duration? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which is possibly tumorigenic? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| which doesn' tneed repeated? |
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Definition
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Term
| which virus only infects dividing cells |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which virus is immunogenic? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
antigene:
target
ds vs ss
what does it do |
|
Definition
targets DNA
single stranded
forms triplex and blocks transcription |
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|
Term
decoy:
target
ss vs. ds
what does it do |
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Definition
targets DNA
double stranded
binds to nuclear transcription factor and inhibits transcription |
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|
Term
antisense:
target:
ds vs ss:
what does it do |
|
Definition
targets mRNA
single stranded
binds to complimentary mRNA and inhibits translation |
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Term
siRNA
target
ss vs ds
what does it do |
|
Definition
targets mRNA
ds RNA
binds to complementary mRNA and induces mRNA cleavage |
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|
Term
miRNA
target
ss vs ds
what does it do |
|
Definition
targets mRNA
ds RNA
binds to target mRNA and inhibits expression |
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|
Term
ribozyme
target
what does it do |
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Definition
mRNA
RNA molecule that cuts specific RNA substrate |
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|
Term
aptamer
target:
ss vs ds
function |
|
Definition
targets protein
ss or ds
binds to proteins and alters function |
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|
Term
|
Definition
recognizes heteroduplex of DNA:RNA and cleaves RNA
in antisense therapy |
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|
Term
| what does DICER do? in siRNA therapy |
|
Definition
involved in the process of RNA interference
binds ds RNA and cuts it into duplexes called siRNA |
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Term
| what does RISC do? in siRNA therapy |
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Definition
| binds siRNA. then the RISC-siRNA complex binds the target RNA |
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|
Term
| what are miRNA's encoded from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excises primary miRNA to pre-miRNA |
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|
Term
| what does Dicer do in miRNA therapy? |
|
Definition
| cleaves pre-miRNA into mature miRNA |
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|
Term
| what does RISC do in miRNA therapy? |
|
Definition
| engulfs the miRNA and binds to complementary mRNA>>>mRNA cleavage/translational inhibition |
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|
Term
| what is self-regulating insulin system that is regulated by level of glucose in the body |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| disadvantage of adeno-associated viruses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 mechanisms of antisense action: |
|
Definition
block RNA coding sequence
blocking RNA binding site on ribosome
blocking RNA splicing |
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|
Term
| most effective route of administration of proteins wihtout penetration enhancers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most commonly used preservative for proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most commonly used antioxidant for proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shelf-life of protein biopharms in refrig |
|
Definition
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