Term
| How many bones in the apendicular skeleton? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many bones in the axial skeleton |
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Definition
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Term
| how many bones in the axial skeleton |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 functions of bone |
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Definition
1. support mechanical load
2. protect vital organs
3. mineral homeostasis
4. hematopoeisis |
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Term
| Where does bone come from embryologically? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the 1st bone to ossify? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of cells starts entramembranous ossification? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 2 types of cells do the mesencymal cells become when doing intramembranous ossification? |
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Definition
fibroblast- make collagen
osteoblast - making osteoid tissue |
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Term
| What are the general examples of bones made from intrmembranous ossification? |
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Definition
| majority of facial bones and base of the skull |
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Term
| What are 2 bones that are classified as membranous ossification that later get 2nd ossificaton centers? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is primary vs. secondary endocondral ossification? |
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Definition
| primary is what is done by birth and secondary are done by adulthood but after birth. |
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Term
| What 2 areas does secondary endochondral ossification happen in the bone? |
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Definition
| in epiphyses and apophyses |
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Term
| What are the 4 components of bone? |
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Definition
| minerals, collagen, water, and cells |
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Term
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Definition
| osteoid to promote bone deposition |
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Term
| What attracts ca to the osteoid matrix once the osteoblast make it? what other substance does the osteoblast sell make? |
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Definition
| the negative osteoblast cell membrane. 2. make enzyemes that break down the protein and let phosphates in |
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Term
| What are the reabsorbtive cavities that hold osteoclasts? |
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Definition
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Term
| How man osteoblasts must lay down bone for what one osteoclast can pick up? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do osteoclasts work? |
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Definition
| they secrete carbonic anhydrase that increase H ions, and the decrease in pH dissolves the minerals and activates hydrolytic enzyemes that will break down the protein osteoid |
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Term
| What do osteocytes controll? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the functional unit of compact bone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the system name that consists of osteons and their interconnecting volkmann's canals? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do lacunae communicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is inside the trabeculae or spongy bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| what lines the trabecula? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is endosteum seen on x-ray? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| trabecula are organized the way they are because of gravity, msc action, genetics, vascularity, and physical problems that cause stress on the bone |
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Term
| what happens to the bone at sites that have greater compression? |
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Definition
| where compression is greatest the crystals become more negative so to increase the Ca deposition there |
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Term
| What are the 6 basic parts of long bones? |
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Definition
| epiphysis, physis, metaphysis, diaphysis, apophysis, and periosteum |
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Term
| What are the 6 basic parts of long bones? |
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Definition
| epiphysis, physis, metaphysis, diaphysis, apophysis, and periosteum |
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Term
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Definition
| expanded end of long bone that is commonly covered by articular cartilage, not covered with periostium |
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Term
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Definition
| cartilage plate in childhood in adults becomes the epiphyseal scar/line |
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Term
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Definition
| flared area that connects the epiphysis to the diaphysis |
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Term
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Definition
| shaft narrowest part of the bone, cortex is thickest here, |
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Term
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Definition
| transition zone brom cortex to medullary area (usually sharp) |
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Term
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Definition
| protuberance usually on metaphysis, attach ligament or tendon here |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 layers - 1. outer "fibrous" 2. inner cellular "cambium" over diaphysis, and metaphasis outside only |
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Term
| how is the periosteum attached to the bone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| site of attachment of tendons and ligaments |
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Term
| Examples and shapes of short bones? |
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Definition
| carpel/tarsal and cube shaped |
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Term
| What type of growth do short bones have? |
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Definition
| endochondral but do now have a physis |
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Term
| What are 2 examples of irregular bones? |
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Definition
| base of the skull and the vertebre |
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Term
| What are the 3 blood supplies to the bone? |
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Definition
| nutriet artery, epiphyseal-metaphyseal arteries, and periosteal arteries |
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Term
| What are the 2 veins for the skeletal system? |
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Definition
| emissary veins and venae comitantes, cortical venous channels, periosteal capillaries |
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Term
| What are the two ways that joints are classified? |
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Definition
| motion and articular histology |
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Term
| What are the three ways types of motion in a joint? |
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Definition
| synarthrois (fixed ie skull sutures), amphiarthroses (slighly moveable ie. intervertebral discs), diarthroses (freely moveable) |
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Term
| What are the 3 histological types of joints? |
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Definition
| fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
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