Term
| What tissie is the most widely distributed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is connective tissue found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary function of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| to hold organs and tissues together |
|
|
Term
| What 3 odd additions are improtant to include into the connective tissue family? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the basic function of muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are all the places you will find muscle? |
|
Definition
| heart, skeletal msc, and smooth msc of the disgestive tract and blood vessles |
|
|
Term
| What two subsets do neron tissue consist of? |
|
Definition
| Neurons, and supporting cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
conduct electric impulses, that provide
rapid communication between structures
and control of body functions |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest and most complex unit of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 11 major organ systems of the human body? |
|
Definition
integumentary, muscular, nervous, endocrine,
circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory,
digestive, urinary, reproductive, and
skeletal |
|
|
Term
| What is the principal component of the integumentary system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what three things does the integumentary system include? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what senses does the skin react to pertaining to the outside world?
(4) |
|
Definition
| pain, pressure, touch, and temp |
|
|
Term
| What is a secondary importance of muscles? (not movement of bones or heart beat) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 components of the nervous system? |
|
Definition
| brain, spinal cord, and peripherial nerves |
|
|
Term
| What are the nerves that carry information from the centeral nervous system to the body called? |
|
Definition
| peripherial nervous system |
|
|
Term
| what are 4 of the examples of nervous system stimuli? |
|
Definition
| light, heat, pressure, sound |
|
|
Term
| How do the nerves accomplish their function? |
|
Definition
| by transmission of tiny electric impulses along the nerve |
|
|
Term
| What are ductless glands? why? |
|
Definition
| endocrine glands because secretions go to blood |
|
|
Term
| How are endocrine glands simular to nerves? |
|
Definition
| they communicate, integrate, and regulate body function |
|
|
Term
| How does the endocrine system control of bodily function differ from the nervous system control? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the circulatory or cardiovascular system consisist of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 5 things does the lymphatic system consist of? |
|
Definition
lymph nodes and lymph vessels
amd spleen, tonsils, and thymus |
|
|
Term
| what is the end goal of lymph? |
|
Definition
| to reach the circulatory system |
|
|
Term
| How does the lymph system connect to the cardiovascular system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the breathing passages of the respiratory system? |
|
Definition
| nose, mouth, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small peripherial branches of bronchi |
|
|
Term
| Where do the bronchioles terminate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary organs of the digestive system? |
|
Definition
| mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, Sm. intestine, lg, intestine, rectum, and anal canal. |
|
|
Term
| what kind of membrane does the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the urinary system? |
|
Definition
| to excrete waste from the body |
|
|
Term
| what is the only system that doesn't function for the survival of the individual? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the external organs or structural reproductive systems called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the organs that produce reporductive cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many bones are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the lay term for cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tough,yet flexible stregenth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provide connections between bones and cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 divisions of the skeletal system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is in the axial skeleton? |
|
Definition
| skull, spine, sternum, and ribs |
|
|
Term
| What is in the appendicular skeleton? |
|
Definition
| extremities, pelvis and shoulder |
|
|
Term
| What is the contact bone called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the terminology of the look of spongy bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the long bone cavity called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is inside the medullary canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fat, with blood vessels and immature blood cells |
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of bones that articulate to joints covered with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the legenth of bone, or the area not a part of the joint covered with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the shaft of the bone called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the flared protion at the end of the diaphysis called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rounded ends that from joints |
|
|
Term
| What is between the epiphysis and the metaphysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the epiphyseal line? |
|
Definition
| the fully calcified cartilage line that once was the epiphyseal plate |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 names of the types of bone features? |
|
Definition
| projections, or depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rounded process that makes part of a joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pointed projection (scapula) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beadlike projection (mandible) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| projection above a condyle (elbow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, smooth process that makes part of a joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rounded, wide end of bone (rib) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| club-shaped projection (tibia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general term for projection (coricoid process of scapula) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general term for projection(external occiputal protuberance) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sharp ridge that is long (scapula) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long sharp process (ulna) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large, rounded processes of femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, rounded process ( greater tubercle of proximal humerous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rounded process larger than tubercle (greater tuberosity of proximal humerous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| linear depression, a groove (orbital fissure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hole in a bone for the passage of blood vessels and nerves (foramen magnum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shallow linear depression (bicipital groove of proximal humerous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trenchlike depression, a deep fissure (carotid sulcus of sphenoid bone) |
|
|
Term
| What is the place called where two bones come together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 classification of joint movement? |
|
Definition
| synarthrois, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a joint that dosen't move (sutures of the skull) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| these joints are covered in fibrous cartilage, are cusioned by discs or fibrous cartilage (vertebrae) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joints that move freely, surfaces have articular cartilage and a fibrous capsule with a synovial fluid inside. |
|
|
Term
| what is it called when you have a sac filled with synovial fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are major bursa located? |
|
Definition
| shoulder, elbow, hip and knee |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of movement in diarthrodial joints? |
|
Definition
| circumduction, rotation, angular motion, gliding motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| move in a circle, shoulder and hip, ball and socket |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movemtn that turns on an axis, elbows in pronation and supination, turning of head from side to side) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement back and forth in a plane, hinge joints, knee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when one bone slides over another, kneecap when knee is bent |
|
|
Term
| what is radiographic positing? |
|
Definition
| placing the body or body part in proper position to get the desired image |
|
|
Term
| Is the palm the anterior or posterior surface of the hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the sagital plane divide the body into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the coronal plane divide the body into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the transverse plane divide the body into? |
|
Definition
| superior and inferior (can be drawn at any level) |
|
|
Term
| what does the median plane divide the body into? |
|
Definition
| equal right and left halves (midsagittal) |
|
|
Term
| What does the midfrontal plane divide the body into? |
|
Definition
| equal parts front and back (midcoronal) and passes though the external auditory meatus, ctr, of shoulder, and greater trochanter, and lateral malleolus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lying down, then add the name of the body surface on which they are lying (dorsal recombent) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erect, standing or seated |
|
|
Term
| how do you describe radiographic positioning? |
|
Definition
| in relation of how the body moves to the table |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recumbent w/ central ray horizontal or parallel to the floor (named by position in which body is lying, i.e. lateral decubitis (left)) |
|
|
Term
| How do you name the side of the lateral position? |
|
Definition
| the side clossest to the table |
|
|
Term
| How do you get a lordotic position? |
|
Definition
| have the pt. lean back, while standing, so that only their shoulders touch the table |
|
|
Term
| how do you get an oblique position? |
|
Definition
| so that the coronal plane is not parallel with the the dable or Image Receptor |
|
|
Term
| How do you name the radiographic projection? |
|
Definition
| path of Central ray from tube though patient to Image Receptor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radiographs taken w/ a longitudinal angulation 10degrees or more or Central ray. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When Central ray skims profile of subject |
|
|
Term
| what are the 1st step to radiographic procedure? |
|
Definition
| 1. assess patients and radiographic procedure (commmunication for instruction, and their jobs in procedure, will also make sure you are doing the right procedure) |
|
|
Term
| what is the 2nd step in taking a good x-ray (after taking to the patient and assesing the correct x-ray to take) |
|
Definition
| postion the Image Receptor correctly to get the best possible picture |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the important factors in taking an X-ray? |
|
Definition
| lead markers for R or L, patient placement, Image Receptor placement, instructions, exposure settings, |
|
|
Term
| What is the last step in taking an X-ray? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 systems to use for Image Receptor selection? |
|
Definition
screen/film cassetes (size matters)
Computed Radiology
Digital Receptor |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 words used to determine correct orientation of the image recepor? |
|
Definition
| lengthwise, and crosswise |
|
|
Term
| What does legenthwise mean with Image Receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does crosswise placement of the Image Receptor mean? |
|
Definition
| perpendicular to the long axis of the body |
|
|
Term
| Why would you line the IR up diagonally? |
|
Definition
| when the body part is too long for the film legenthwise, forearm, lower leg |
|
|
Term
| how do you make multiple images on one IR? |
|
Definition
cover the unused part w/ a lead blocker
some people use collimation only |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the tube for every 5 degrees of angulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indicate the side of the patient |
|
|
Term
| Should a side marker be used with every radiograph? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are markers placed in and X-ray? |
|
Definition
| within IR margins and in radiaion field |
|
|
Term
| Where do you not want a marker? |
|
Definition
| where it will superimpose on the piece of interest |
|
|
Term
| Where should left and right markers never be put? |
|
Definition
| on the opposite side of the midline |
|
|
Term
| when should you be able to correctly see a marker box w/ the L or R in the readable position? |
|
Definition
| when the image is in the correcty box orientation |
|
|
Term
| How many times should you put a marker in for multiple images on one IR? |
|
Definition
| once if they are both of the same side |
|
|
Term
| which side marker should you use for AP and PA projections that have both sides of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which side is marked for the oblique? |
|
Definition
| the body side that is clossest to the IR |
|
|
Term
| Which marker is used for the lateral views? |
|
Definition
| the side that is closest to the IR |
|
|
Term
| What side is marked in the decubitus postions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of a Hg in the plastic bubbile on the IR? |
|
Definition
| if the Ir is level the Hg will be in the center of the bubble |
|
|
Term
| Why would you want to mark the x-ray with either upright/decubitus or a Hg bubble? |
|
Definition
| to know if the pt. was upright or weight bering in the x-ray |
|
|
Term
| What is a personal side marker? |
|
Definition
| indication of the patients name and information |
|
|
Term
| What is the biggest dependent part on the success of the x-ray? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the things to tell your patient to help some images? |
|
Definition
| breathing, placement, movement, |
|
|
Term
| What to patients complain from when the positioner dosen't communicate well? |
|
Definition
| they just pushed me around |
|
|
Term
| what should the patients do breathing wise when taking a chest x-ray? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When would you tell a patient to take 2 deep breaths and hold the second one? |
|
Definition
| when maxium lung expansion is essential (chest radiography) |
|
|
Term
| why will taking 2 deep breaths and holding the second help when taking chest x-rays? |
|
Definition
| becuase it results in greater lung expansion and gives a warning to us if they are likely to cough |
|
|
Term
| When do you want to have expiration for your x-ray? |
|
Definition
| for supine abdomen, lower ribs, and lumbar spine |
|
|
Term
| What should you instruct your patient to do before exhaling and holding for abdomen x-rays? |
|
Definition
take a deep breath in
so that you know they have enough O2 to hold the expiration |
|
|
Term
| When a patient is having trouble understanding your positioning directions what should you do? |
|
Definition
| take extra time to demonstrate |
|
|
Term
| what is a breathing techinique? |
|
Definition
| when the patient is breathing while taking the x-ray |
|
|
Term
| Why would you want to use a "breathing technique" in an x-ray? |
|
Definition
| to blur the rib and diaphram to make the objects of interest stand out from them |
|
|
Term
| How to you technically get a good "breathing technique?" |
|
Definition
by increasing Time to 2sec
lowering mA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Localized area of destrucive change in body tissue |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between a symptom and a sign? |
|
Definition
symptom: patients reported perception of condition (subjective)
sign: findings of physician (objective) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of manifestations (s/sx) that when put together are typical of a specific condition |
|
|
Term
| What is the beginning of making a diagnosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a common way to break apart diseases? |
|
Definition
structure/function
chronic/acute
contagious/non contagious |
|
|
Term
| What is a structural disease? |
|
Definition
| one that involves the changes to the cells of the boy |
|
|
Term
| what is a functional disease? |
|
Definition
| abnormal change in function w/ no structural change (HA) |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between herditary and congenital diseases? |
|
Definition
| congenital diseases are present at birth and may or may not be heriditary. Heriditary means that they are from abnormal genetic makeup and may not be present at birth (DM) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| congenital conditions that cause abnormal variations in shape or form of a body |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between acute and chronic disease? |
|
Definition
| Acute comes on suddenly, chronic are longer in durration and come and go (recurrent) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 ways to classify a disease by the cause? |
|
Definition
| endogenous/exogenous (by your own body as apposed to outside chemicals) |
|
|
Term
| what organ system are the most endogenous diseases associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when you have a lack of blood to flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when you have a lack of blood supply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some examples of "collage dz" that are immune related? |
|
Definition
| RA, SLE, Ankalosing spondy, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical injury from extreme temps, electricity, radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| compound vs. simple fracture |
|
Definition
compound the bone is out of the skin
simple the bone is just broken inside the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of bone from its normal spot in the joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injury to ligaments, tendons, and msc. around the joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| msc damage from excessive force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cuts, tears though the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| microbiologic agents that go into any part of the body but usually one that is in contact w/ the outside world |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 most common infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| craterlike sore one the skin or mucous membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the cause of disease is unknown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the rule for inflammatory conditions? |
|
Definition
| "itis" example: arthritis is inflammation in the joint |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the area with chronic inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease in size or number of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| senile, disuse, pressure, endocrine |
|
|
Term
| hyperplasia vs. hypertrophy |
|
Definition
hyperplasia: increase in # of cells
hypertrophy: increase in size of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
benign: single mass, remain in one locantion w/ limited growth
malignant: invade surrounding tissue and metastasis |
|
|
