Term
| first generation Japanese-American |
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| descendants of Japanese immigrants |
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| placed 110,000 Japanese Americans on the West Coast into camps. |
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| oversaw the building of camps. 10 camps total. |
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| needed to declare loyalty to U.S. families forced into 1 room, little privacy, communal bathrooms, no native food. many started schools and organizations and received some pay |
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| Japanese American internment |
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1. American military casualties
2. policy of unconditional surrender
3. emerging problems with Soviet Union
4. destructive power of atomic bomb
5. preservation of American values
6. possibility of Japanese surrender |
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| factors in U.S. decision making |
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| fast moving tanks and Nazi Luftwaffe. |
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| German blitzkrieg involved... |
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| nine months long. continuous bombing raids on London. by May 1941, nearly 44,000 civilians dead. Churchill ordered the RAF to launch attacks on Berlin |
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| strategic bombing: night-time bombing raids on large areas rather than narrow targets. incendiary bombs- started fires to follow British objectives of 'firestorms' & carpet bombing--dropping bombs on EVERYTHING |
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| new tactics of Allied Powers |
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| killed 100,000 German civilians. firestorm could be seen for 200 miles. |
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| in the Phillipines, American soldiers were forced to march in terrible conditions as they were harrassed. over 7,000 allied POW died |
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| battles that began to turn the tide |
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| Midway and Battle of Coral Sea |
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-bases for allied bombing raids on Japanese mainland.
-supply of resources
-little Japanese naval/aerial defenses |
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| strategy of 'island hopping' |
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| 30,000 Japanese soldiers die attempting to prevent the U.S. from seizing the islands to prevent use for air raids on Japan. when U.S. victory was certain 22,000 japanese civilians commit suicide by jumping off high cliffs. BUSHIDO |
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| bloodiest fighting in Marine Corps history. 5,000 Americans killed and 20,000 wounded in this 5 week struggle. more than 18,000 Japanese deaths. |
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| next battle site after Iwo Jima. 185,000 Japanese troops die defending Okinowa, the U.S. lost 12,500 soldiers, the highest death count in island campaign |
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| wood housing= extreme devastation. over 300 B-29 bombers carried 2 tons of incendiaries. in first 6 hours over 100,000 died. by war's end, we bombed 64 Japanese cities. |
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| Expansionist--invaded most of Europe including Allies. Pact between Germany, Italy, Japan frightened FDR. Hitler invaded Russia and in a little over 2 years Germany's territorial control had quadrupled. Germans fire torpedoes at U.S. destroyer, sink one killing 100. Congress takes no action |
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| repealed the arms embargo. allowed armaments to be sold on a cash and carry basis. |
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| traded 50 old destroyers for use of British naval bases. |
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| "destroyer deal" with England |
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| allowed Britain to borrow military equipment for the duration of the war |
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| Neutrality Act of 1939/Lend Lease Program/ Destroyer Deal/ first peacetime military draft |
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| help for allies/inching toward war |
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| Japan invades Manchuria, then China's mainland. Takes over Indochina, we impose oil embargo. General Tojo promises to negotiate with US, peace envoy fails. |
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| Japan's Dreams of Expansion |
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-resented U.S. limitations on expansionist goals
-upset about U.S. trade sanction
-Japan's militarism exerted more power within gov't
-resented treatment and quotas imposed on Japanese in U.S.
-believed that by initiating a decisive strike, U.S. would allow Japan to have their way |
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| Japanese fleet, sailing 4,000 mile loop through empty North Pacific to avoid detection, attacked U.S. fleet. 6 Japanese battleships launched over 350 airplanes in two unopposed bombing raids on the base |
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| Congress declares war against Japan on December 7, 1941. four days later, Hitler and Mussolini declare war on U.S. |
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| US, Britain, France, USSR |
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| air raid on Tokyo with industrial districts being targeted. over 600 tons of incendiary bombs dropped. started fires and many buildings in Japan were made of wood... |
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