Term
| What is the principle and purpose of the diluting system for white blood cells? |
|
Definition
| Osmotic Pressure and to lyse RBC's and maintain WBC's |
|
|
Term
| Thomas Pipette Diluting System |
|
Definition
Used for manual WBC count
1:20 Dilution
1 part blood
19 parts diluent |
|
|
Term
| Unopette or Leukochek Diluting System |
|
Definition
Used for manual WBC count
1:20 dilution
Buffered ammonium oxalate |
|
|
Term
| Diluting system for manual platelet counts |
|
Definition
Bioanalytic-Thrombo-TIC
Reagent- Ammonium oxalate, 1% (w/v)
Dilution is 1:100 |
|
|
Term
| What is the principle of the diluting system for manual platelet counts? |
|
Definition
| To completely hemolyze red blood cells |
|
|
Term
| Diluting system for manual eosinohpil counts |
|
Definition
Avian Leukopet system
Reagent: phloxine solution
Dilution: 1:32 |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of a phloxine solution? |
|
Definition
Propylene glycol
Distilled H2O
Aqueos phloxine
aqueous sodium carbonate
Heparin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lowers the rate of evaporation and renders red blood cells nonrefractile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Helps lyse the WBC's amd aids in enhancing the staining of the eosiniphils. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevents clumping of the white blood cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the principle of the manual eosinophil count? |
|
Definition
| Diluent mixed with whole blood preserve white blood cells but stains only eosinophils. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two stains used for manual reticulocyte counts? |
|
Definition
New methylene blue
Brilliant cresyl blue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sodium chloride
potassium oxalate
new methylene blue
distilled H2O |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Brillant cresyl blue
sodium chloride, 0.85% (w/v) |
|
|
Term
| What is the ratio for whole blood to stain for manual reticulocyte counts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Manual White Blood Cell Count Formula |
|
Definition
Total # WBC counted x dilution of blood/
total # of squares counted x volume per square = cells/uL
# WBC counted x 20/
8 x 0.1= cells/uL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uncorrected WBC count x (100/100+ #nRBC)= cells/uL |
|
|
Term
| Principle of methylene blue stain |
|
Definition
| Stain enters residual RNA present in reticulocytes and the reticulum stains as 2 or more deep blue granules or threads in sharp contrast to the light greenish-blue background of the red cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase in white blood cell count above the normal upper limit of 4.0-11.0e9. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complication to several diseases and medical conditions such as acute infections, severe malaria, after hemorrhage, during pregnancy, postoperatively, in some forms of anemia, in some carcinomas, leukemia, apendicitis, hemolytic disease of the newborn, uremia and ulcers, strenous exercise, emotional stress and anxiety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decrease in whit blood cell count below the normal limit of 4.0-11.0e9 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viral infections, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, in some anemias, folate deficiency, in some cancers and sepsis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacterial infections, acute inflammation (heart attack), drugs and malignancies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decrease in the number of neutrophils in the blood stream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decreased production in the bone marrow such as aplastic anemia or vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.
Increased destruction such as chemotherapy
Medications
Viral infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase in the number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood. Reference range is 450 eosinophils per uL. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allergic reactions, parasitosis, sites of foreign particles, following exercise, in brucellosis and in some leukemias. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decease in the number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood. Reference range is 450 eosinophils per uL. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Emotional stress, adrenal steroids and hyperadrenalism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measures activity of the factors in the extrinsic pathway |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal reference range for prothrombin time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, aPTT |
|
Definition
| Measures the activity of the factors in the intrinsic pathway |
|
|
Term
| What is the reference range of the aPTT time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the majority of clotting factors produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Factor VIII produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is vonWillebrand's Factor produced? |
|
Definition
| Endothelium (Weibel-Palade bodies) |
|
|
Term
| How do you detect the presence of RNA? |
|
Definition
| Stain red blood cells while they are still living with a supravital stain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Immature reticulocyte that stain gray/blue/pink and are larger and more polychromatophilic than normal reticulocytes. |
|
|
Term
| What are shift cells an indication of? |
|
Definition
| Shift cells are an indication of increased red blood cell production o erythropoietin stimulation of erythropoiesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
# of reticulocytes counted/
10 |
|
|
Term
| Absolute reticulocyte count/uL |
|
Definition
| Reticulocyte count in % x RBC count/uL |
|
|
Term
| Corrected reticulocyte count in % |
|
Definition
| Reticuolcyte count in % x (patient hematocrit/normal hematocrit) |
|
|
Term
| Reticulocyte production index |
|
Definition
Corrected reticulocyte count in %/
2 |
|
|
Term
| What are the three major steps of coagulation? |
|
Definition
1. Formation of thromboplastin (TF, Factor III)
2. Formation of thrombin
3. Formation of fibrin |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of a phase contrast microscope? |
|
Definition
Annular condenser
Matching phase objectives
Slides made of quartz or plastic |
|
|
Term
| What does the annular condenser of a phase microscope do? |
|
Definition
| Produces a hollow cone of light which is further influenced by the presence of a green filter. |
|
|
Term
| Platelet Count per cells/uL |
|
Definition
Total # platelets counted x dilution of the blood/
Total # of squares counted x volume per squares = cells/uL |
|
|
Term
| What is the reference range for platelets? |
|
Definition
| 150,000-400,000 platelets/uL |
|
|
Term
| How do you obtain the number of platelets counted? |
|
Definition
| Average the number of platelets counted on both sides of the hemocytometer |
|
|
Term
| The Neubauer hemocytometer consist of a grid three squares by three squares. How big is one of the squares? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The actual platelet counting area consists of the middle square only which is 1mm by 1mm. How many smaller squares make up the middle square? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How large is one of the 25 smaller squares? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The smaller 25 squares each hold 16 smaller squaeres. How big is each of the 16 smaller squares? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Fuchs Rosenthal hemocytometer consists of a 4 by 4 grid of squares. Each square is how big? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each 1mm by 1mm square is composed of a smaller 4 by 4 grid of squares. How big is one of the smaller squares? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adhesion, activation and aggregation of platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sequential activation of plasma coagulation factors |
|
|
