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| Neetowkrs of iron rails on which steam locomotives pulled long trains at high speeds. First build in England in the 1830s, their success caused a railroad building boom throughout the world |
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| Submarine telegraph cables |
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| Insulated copper cables laid along the bottom of a sea or ocean for telegraphic communication. First short cable was laid across the English channel in 1851 |
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| A form of iron that is both durable and flexible. First mass producedin the 1860s and became the most widely used metel in construction |
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| A form of energy used in telegraphy from the 40's on and for lighting,industrial motors and railroads |
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| AMerican inventor known for inventing the electric light bulb, accoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures |
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| booms followed by deep depressions where workers lost their jobs and investors their fortunes. Money continued to flow around the world |
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| The reign of Queen Victoria of Great Britan also used to describe the late 19th century society with its rigid moral standards and sharply different roles for men and women |
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| 19th cn idea that men and women, esp. of the middle class, should have clearly different roles in society women as wives and homemakers and men out working |
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| Women fighting for equal rights with men in the late 1800s and early 1900s |
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| political ideology in 1830s in europe that advocated government protection of workers from explotation by property owners and gov. owned industries |
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| socialist, author of working conditions of the working class inengland in 1844 |
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| called for a revolution in which the workers would overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a new society |
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| The workers, or have nots, that were being exploited |
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| Revolutionaries the wanted to abolish all private property and government, usually by violence, and replace them with free associations of groups |
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| political ideology stressing people's membership in a community defined by a common culture and history as well as territory |
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| a political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of the people, representative gov,and the protection of private property. Derived from the enlightenment |
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| Nationalist in Italy in 1800s who led the failed revolution in 1848. Sought to unify peninsula |
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| Prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia who saw the rivalry between France and Austria as an opportunity to unify |
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| The king of united Italy, a moderate constitution monarchy |
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| Italian nationalist who conquered Sicily and Naples and added them to a unified Italy in 1860 |
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| First european army to make use of steel, railroads, etc. West half of the austrian empire |
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| Chancellor of Prussia until 1871 when he became chancellor of Germany. Led Prussia to victory against Austria and France and created the German COnfederation in 1871 |
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| Military technology, superior firearms led to quick victories and were foundation of new German Empire |
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| No worldwide power, secular gov. that had a military leader and local landlords |
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| Declared emperor of the new regime the Meiji restoration |
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| Political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa in 1868, when young leaders set Japan on an industrial revolution |
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| large conglomerates, and encouraged individual technological innovation |
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| Empress of China and mother of emperor Guangxi. Put her son on house arrest, supported anti-foreign movements, and resisted reforms of the gov. and armed forces |
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| one of the leaders of the Meiji restoration |
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| Anti-foreign riots raised by officers around Empress Dowager Cixi in 1900 |
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| fighting in Manchura, between Russia and Japan in 1904 and 1905 |
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