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| Classical Greek Civilization |
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| The Protestant Reformation |
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| The period of renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman cultures throughout Europe. (1350 - 1550 AD) |
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| List: Five of the greatest artists and writers of the Renaissance |
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1. Michelangelo
2. Leonardo Da Vinci
3. Raphael
4. Miguel de Cervantes
5. William Shakespeare |
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| Question: What was the purpose of the Protestant Reformation? What was the most important tool for spreading reforms? |
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Martin Luther led a philosophical rebellion against the Catholic Church. Of great concern was taxes (indulgences) levied against citizens.
Printing Press |
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| Question: What was the main reason for European expansionism during the 1300s - 1700s? |
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| Europeans wished to increase trade and land, and sought needed resources. |
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| Question: Who were some of the important European explorers during this period of exploration? |
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| Christopher Columbus, Vasco de Gama, Bartholomew Dias, Ferdinand Magellan |
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| Definition: Predestination |
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| The idea that god has predetermined a person's life. |
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| Definition: Absolute Monarch |
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| A monarch with unlimited power. |
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| Definition: Limited Monarchy |
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| A monarch with powers limited by law. |
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| The 1215 document limiting the rights of English monarchs. |
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| He first theorized the sun-centered solar system. |
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| In addition to other things, he developed a much-improved telescope. |
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| A genius scientist who invented calculus, developed theories of gravity, and correctly organized the solar system. |
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| Question: What was the Age of Enlightenment? |
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| This was a period in Europe when social philosophers looked at societies and their relationships with citizens and governments, trying to determine the proper role of leaders and religion. Ideas of the Enlightenment quickly spread by word and the press. |
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| Social philosopher who described the proper relationship between the ruler and the ruled. Taught that humankind is happy, good, and rational by nature. Said government power must be based on consent, be limited, and that unjust rulers should be removed. |
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| Believed that France had fallen behind the British and urged religious toleration and freedoms of speech and the press. Said: "I do not agree with a word you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it." |
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| Individual: Baron de Montesquieu |
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| French Baron who encouraged the separation of powers between three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial (the US constitution was based on his thinking,) but that no single system was right for all countries. Each branch had separate powers and abilities to control the others. |
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