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World Religions Final
Internet Quizes
419
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
12/12/2012
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Term
According to this textbook, why should we learn about religion in the past
 Definition
To understand the role of religion in our world today
Term
In Japan today, a person could be ________.
 Definition
Buddhist, Daoist, and Shintoist at same time
Term
According to religious scholar Rudolph Otto, a defining and universal mark of religious experience is ________.
 Definition
the ambivalent feelings of fascination and dread
Term
A ritual (symbolic re-enactment), such as the Passover Seder, is experienced as having the power to ________.
 Definition
make one an actual participant in the original event
Term
The authors argue that myth is ________.
 Definition
an imaginative story conveying the essential truths of life
Term
Which of the following is NOT necessarily a component of religion?
 Definition
God
Term
Acting in the manner prescribed by a tradition is called ________
 Definition
orthopraxy
Term
Sacredness means ________.
 Definition
what matters most to a given community
Term
Religious language is ________.
 Definition
symbollic
Term
The three great centres of civilization in the ancient world where the great world religions emerged are ________.
 Definition
China, India, and the Middle East
Term
The first written expression dealing with the crisis of death that came about as a result of urbanization was ________.
 Definition
the Bhagavad-Gita
Term
A myth of nature ________.
 Definition
a) is the earliest type of religious story
Term
The two religions that emerged in China to deal with disharmony were ________.
 Definition
Daoism and Confucianism
Term
Two embodiments of the myth of liberation are ________
 Definition
Hinduism and Buddhism
Term
In the myths of history, the central metaphor of religious expression is ________.
 Definition
story
Term
The first religious tradition to spread its beliefs, practices, and critiques of non-believers globally was ________.
 Definition
Christianity
Term
The act of colonialism is not new to the world, but modern Western colonialism differs from all other periods of colonialism in that ________.
 Definition
it has come the closest to achieving global domination
Term
The original meaning of the Greek word for ‘heretic’ is ________.
 Definition
to choose
Term
In this textbook, the authors consider ‘fundamentalism’ to be ________.
 Definition
a reaction to modernity
Term
The most important step in the study of world religions is to understand how different religions are similar.
 Definition
False
Term
The separation of church and state was an expression of the privatization of religion that took place in the modern era.
 Definition
true
Term
Fascination and dread are a defining mark of religious experience across cultures.
 Definition
true
Term
Myths are always the origin of rituals
 Definition
false
Term
Rituals recall important events in the history of a faith.
 Definition
true
Term
Religion is about purely spiritual things
 Definition
false
Term
All morality is grounded in religious experience
 Definition
true
Term
All modern world religions have relied on written materials.
 Definition
true
Term
Religious language is primarily symbolic.
 Definition
true
Term
The gods of the cities were unrelated to the tribal/country gods that preceded them
 Definition
false
Term
People only became frightened of and worried about death once they began to live in cities
 Definition
true
Term
World religions emerged in conjunction with the formation of empires
 Definition
false
Term
In myths of history, time is the enemy
 Definition
false
Term
Modern cultures understand themselves as part of a history characterized by human progress driven by science and technology
 Definition
false
Term
All the different names for God should be understood as different ways of referring to the same concept.
 Definition
false
Term
World Wars I and II shattered the myth of scientific progress
 Definition
true
Term
Relativism solves the problems of ethics by erasing the distinction between good and evil
 Definition
false
Term
Myth, as used in the study of religion, means a fabrication
 Definition
false
Term
Before agriculture and urbanization, humans organized themselves into ________.
 Definition
hunter-gatherer societies
Term
The term ‘axis mundi’ refers to ________
 Definition
sites where people believed they had sacred experiences
Term
‘Simple subsistence peoples’ refers to ________.
 Definition
d) small-scale societies that survive by hunting-gathering or simple agricultural methods
Term
Indigenous religions view the process of birth, death, and rebirth as ________.
 Definition
eternal
Term
The progressive complexity in the mastery of tools was accompanied by what two features?
 Definition
Development of language ability and presence of religion
Term
Fairly recently, scholars learned that first peoples were actually ________.
 Definition
highly skilled, rational, and sophisticated in their thinking
Term
In indigenous cultures the fact that females gave birth and could feed their offspring from their own bodies was most likely viewed as ________.
 Definition
a miracle to be revered
Term
vidence suggests that the function of burial in indigenous societies was to ________.
 Definition
open a gateway to afterlife
Term
According to French sociologist Émile Durkheim, religion’s power to ________ keeps it central in human life
 Definition
bind us together
Term
The term ‘shaman’ originally came from a group of hunters and reindeer herders in ________.
 Definition
Siberia
Term
The four religious figures central to understanding the world’s religions are ________.
 Definition
shaman, prophet, sage, and priest
Term
Across the globe, the role of a shaman is considered to be ________
 Definition
mortally dangerous
Term
The term ‘indigenous religions’ implies that the social and religious lives of a group are ________
 Definition
rooted deeply to a given place
Term
An example of archaic practices still enduring in East Asia is ________.
 Definition
ancestor veneration
Term
Indigenous religions are usually linked to specific geographical locations and relatively small groups of people.
 Definition
true
Term
Aboriginal religious traditions emphasize the collective, eternal identity of the group.
 Definition
True
Term
The development of complex tools followed the development of religion.
 Definition
false
Term
Early Homo sapiens led lives characterized by deprivation and brutality and had limited and disorganized knowledge of the world in which they lived.
 Definition
false
Term
It was necessary for man to develop symbolic language in order to express conceptions about divine power. It was necessary for man to develop symbolic language in order to express conceptions about divine power.
 Definition
true
Term
Hunter-gatherer groups were almost uniformly patriarchal
 Definition
false
Term
Religion originated in practices essential to human survival.
 Definition
True
Term
In indigenous societies, being religious is about a particular kind of bodily engagement with the world
 Definition
true
Term
In indigenous societies, death marks an irrevocable dislocation between the living and the dead.
 Definition
false
Term
Most indigenous people view ancestral spirits as custodians of tradition
 Definition
true
Term
In indigenous religions, illness often indicates that the one who is ill has lost their soul.
 Definition
true
Term
It was once legal in the US to discriminate against Native American religious practices.
 Definition
true
Term
Shamanistic rituals are carefully controlled and almost always very safe.
 Definition
false
Term
One is born with the qualities necessary to be a shaman and therefore is not compelled to engage in extensive study
 Definition
false
Term
Indigenous peoples who live at a distance from modern technologies are less likely to be able to survive
 Definition
false
Term
Modern world religions have virtually no similarities to shamanistic faiths.
 Definition
false
Term
Religious practice creates group bonds and aids in the organization of bonds between individuals.
 Definition
true
Term
The ultra-Orthodox way of life typically allows for integration with the modern, secular world ________.
 Definition
never
Term
The narrative frame within which Judaism interprets experience is ________
 Definition
a narrative of exile and return
Term
The rabbis of Talmudic Judaism argued that Israel had been improperly seduced into ________.
 Definition
trying to force the coming of the messianic era through political activity
Term
When the Covenant was delivered on Mount Sinai, God promised the people that they would become a nation of ________.
 Definition
priests
Term
The purpose of Talmudic study is to bring the student of Torah to experience God by ________.
 Definition
arguing the interpretation of the Law
Term
The Jewish problem’ is a term, later adopted by the Nazis, which originally referred to the problem of ________.
 Definition
the continuing existence of Jews after the coming of Christ
Term
One thing which Orthodox and Reform Judaism have in common is ________.
 Definition
the holding of services on Friday nights and Saturday mornings
Term
Members of conservative synagogues ________.
 Definition
may choose to have a Bat Mitzvah for female children
Term
What percentage of Eastern European Jews were murdered in the Holocaust
 Definition
90%
Term
Which document laid the groundwork for the establishment of the state of Israel?
 Definition
The Balfour Declaration of 1917
Term
Of all the great world religions, in size Judaism is the ________
 Definition
smallest
Term
According to Judaism, the way of life that God gave Israel to follow is embodied in the ________.
 Definition
613 commandments
Term
The two constellations of events that have shaped modern Judaism above all else are the ________.
 Definition
enlightenment and the Holocaust—founding of the state of Israel
Term
After the destruction of the temple in 70 CE, which one of the following was NOT a reason that the Pharisees were able to provide new leadership?
 Definition
They were keepers of the written Torah
Term
________ shaped the emerging Talmudic tradition.
 Definition
Hillel
Term
Which holiday represents the Jewish New Year?
 Definition
Rosh Hashanah
Term
Which major European city was the only one to never expel Jews?
 Definition
Rome
Term
Which of the following most closely defines the word chutzpah
 Definition
Audacity
Term
Which one of the following Jewish communities would embrace the ritual of bat mitzvah?
 Definition
reform
Term
During the ritual of Bris Milah, the male child is circumcised and ________.
 Definition
named
Term
The huppah is______.
 Definition
the canopy held over the head of the bride and groom during the wedding ceremony
Term
The Talmud, or oral Law, is composed of ________.
 Definition
the Mishnah and the Gemara
Term
At the end of the nineteenth century, Jews were widely recognized as a(n) ________
 Definition
ethnicity
Term
On 6 October 1973, the Egyptian army penetrated Israeli-occupied territory in the opening gambit of what is now known as ________.
 Definition
Yom Kippur War
Term
Religious anti-Semitism was originally stimulated by a ________.
 Definition
Christian belief in the guilt of Jews for the death of Jesus
Term
According to Judaism, the ideal of life is ________.
 Definition
living in harmony with the will of God
Term
For the majority of Jews, Judaism is a purely religious identity.
 Definition
false
Term
Social and political life in the contemporary state of Israel is determined by the rules and moral demands of religious Judaism.
 Definition
false
Term
Many Jews believed that the Enlightenment offered them the possibility of becoming full citizens of the state.
 Definition
true
Term
A belief in original sin is one of the beliefs that Judaism shares with Christianity.
 Definition
false
Term
Certain forms of ultra-Orthodox Judaism came into being in the twentieth century
 Definition
true
Term
Haredim reject the state of Israel as blasphemous and wrong.
 Definition
true
Term
Judaism differs from Christianity and Islam in the importance that it places on the myth of history.
 Definition
false
Term
Since the time of David, Jews have recognized that the covenant of God is a set of privileges
 Definition
false
Term
Historians reading biblical stories critically have identified multiple layers that indicate the development of the text over time.
 Definition
true
Term
The exodus from Egypt is often described as the founding event of Judaism.
 Definition
true
Term
A pure comparison of the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament reveal the difference between the teachings of Judaism and Christianity.
 Definition
false
Term
By 1939, approximately one third of the world’s Jews lived in Canada or the United States.
 Definition
true
Term
The rise of Christianity occasioned a Golden Era for the Jews who previously lived under the control of Rome.
 Definition
false
Term
Relentless persecution of the Jews in the later Middle Ages caused a large number of Jews to convert to Christianity.
 Definition
false
Term
The greatest sin for Hasidim is sadness
 Definition
true
Term
All Jews agree about certain beliefs, and each strand of Judaism reaches a consensus within itself
 Definition
false
Term
Because Judaism holds that religion is personal, the idea of being the citizen of a secular state has never posed problems for Jews
 Definition
false
Term
Zionism became powerful as a result of many Jews’ perception that they would never be equal or safe without a state of their own.
 Definition
true
Term
‘Haredim’ means a harem of ten or more Jewish women.
 Definition
false
Term
Religious Jews make up the majority of the population in Israel.
 Definition
false
Term
To understand who the God of Israel is, you should look to history as the story of the Jewish people’s journey through time
 Definition
false
Term
The gradual move toward a monotheistic view began for the people of Israel in the eighth century BCE.
 Definition
true
Term
Jewish writings were canonized and placed into final form before the first century CE
 Definition
false
Term
The story of exile and return is not currently part of Jewish thought.
 Definition
false
Term
It was the Talmudic tradition that shaped Jewish life from the sixth century until the nineteenth century
 Definition
true
Term
Of Hillel and Shammai, two leading teachers of oral tradition, Hillel interpreted the demands of the Torah more leniently and compassionately
 Definition
true
Term
Because the Talmud was completed by the sixth century, there is no possibility of continued development of the oral Torah
 Definition
false
Term
Shema was a goddess in early Judaism
 Definition
false
Term
Some Jewish socialists spoke Yiddish as a way to affirm their ethnicity.
 Definition
true
Term
Christians hold that Jesus was raised from the dead after a period of ________
 Definition
3 days
Term
John Scopes was put on trail in 1925 in the US for ________.
 Definition
teaching evolution in a public school
Term
Joseph, the father of Jesus of Nazareth, was a ________.
 Definition
carpenter
Term
Historically, Jesus was killed by ________
 Definition
the Romans, for being an enemy of the state
Term
The message of Jesus that most appealed to his followers was that of a God who was ________
 Definition
loving
Term
Mary’s conception of Jesus is considered miraculous because ________.
 Definition
it occurred without Mary engaging in sexual relations
Term
Martin Luther was prompted to publicly decry the authority of the Church as corrupt after ________.
 Definition
the declaration that one could pay a fine to wipe away one’s sins
Term
Which of the following groups are products of the Anabaptist movement of the Reformation
 Definition
Mennonites
Hutterite
Amish
Term
Many Anabaptist groups moved to Canada because they believed that ________
 Definition
Canada unconditionally exempted members of the movement from military service
Term
What percentage of Protestant churches in Europe resisted Hitler and the Nazi message?
 Definition
20%
Term
What model of education replaced the Evangelical Protestant model at universities later in the nineteenth century?
 Definition
The German scientific ideal of scholarship
Term
The significance of Vatican II was that it ________.
 Definition
expressed a new openness to modern trends and ideas
Term
Which of the four Gospels was most likely written first?
 Definition
mark
Term
Which sacrament was an adaptation of the Jewish blessing of the bread and wine at the Passover meal?
 Definition
Communion
Term
When Christianity waged war on Islam during the Middle Ages, the name of that war was ________.
 Definition
The Crusades
Term
The ruling that Paul won that was decisive for the growth of the Nazarene movement among gentiles was about ________.
 Definition
the circumcision of gentiles
Term
Which one of the following is characteristic of Augustine’s ‘two cities’?
 Definition
The City of Humanity and the City of God should work together to transform the world into a Christian one
Term
In Christianity, the highest goal in life is ________.
 Definition
to act in harmony with the will of God through dying and rising with Christ
Term
The Anglican Reformation in England was initiated by ________.
 Definition
King Henry the VIII, so that he could get divorced
Term
The Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant reformers at the Council of Trent was to ________.
 Definition
reinforce the absolute power of the Pope and make the theology of Aquinas normative for the church
Term
An example of the power of nineteenth century rationalism, French astronomer Pierre Laplace announced that ________.
 Definition
He had ‘no need of God’ to explain the world scientifically.
Term
In the medieval world, which of the following was not a commonly held view of the church?
 Definition
The chief clergy of each church manifested the divinity of Christ during Mass.
Term
For Augustine, the City of God ________.
 Definition
is guided by selfless love
Term
As Augustine relates it, the turning point in his life which would eventually lead him to Christ was ________.
 Definition
his growing desire for wisdom in his later teens
Term
In Nietzsche’s view ________.
 Definition
God never existed except as a human invention
Term
While Darwin’s theory of evolution challenged the church through the natural sciences, the social sciences ________.
 Definition
suggested that humanity had invented gods to make the ways of life of various cultures seem sacred
Term
Christians believe that the gravest problem in human life is sin
 Definition
true
Term
Most Christians believe that human beings, if they wanted to badly enough, would be capable of obeying the will of God.
 Definition
false
Term
Christians believe that Jesus of Nazareth is the only son of God made incarnate.
 Definition
true
Term
The contents of what Christians call the New Testament were not finalized until the late fourth century
 Definition
true
Term
The process of industrialization in the nineteenth century resulted in a decrease in the number of churches across the United States.
 Definition
false
Term
In contrast to other world religions, Christian communities do not tend to form along ethnic and linguistic lines.
 Definition
false
Term
Modern scholars do not believe that any of the Gospels were written by a single person
 Definition
true
Term
Christianity differed from many ancient philosophies because it did not hold the body as a prison and unworthy of association with God.
 Definition
true
Term
Jesus began preaching the message of repentance after the death of John the Baptist.
 Definition
true
Term
The Jews had the power to condemn Jesus to death or to save him.
 Definition
false
Term
Jesus was born Jewish.
 Definition
true
Term
Christian anti-Jewish sentiment was originally the result of a line of reasoning which claimed that it was the duty of Christians to punish Jews for the death of Jesus
 Definition
true
Term
For more than a hundred years after Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire, pagans were allowed to worship as they chose
 Definition
false
Term
Christian monasteries were repositories of knowledge throughout the Dark Ages.
 Definition
true
Term
Christians who participated in the Crusades were guaranteed forgiveness for their sins and also ensured entry to heaven.
 Definition
true
Term
After the Crusades, the Church instituted a policy of treating the believers in all three major monotheist faiths (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam) equally
 Definition
false
Term
The Crusades paved the way for a rediscovery of lost knowledge that galvanized European thought.
 Definition
true
Term
Anabaptists believe that children should not be baptized at birth.
 Definition
true
Term
Christians in the churches initiated both the Anglican and Anabaptist movements.
 Definition
false
Term
The Roman emperor Constantine was the first monarch to champion the rights of Christians
 Definition
true
Term
By witnessing the transformation of the Roman Empire from a pagan empire into a Christian empire, Augustine concluded that God intended to use the Roman Empire to spread the Gospel around the world.
 Definition
true
Term
Hutterites are a sect of Catholics.
 Definition
false
Term
According to Chinese tradition, the Apostle Thomas brought Christianity to India.
 Definition
true
Term
The first two Presidents of the modern nation of South Korea were Christian
 Definition
true
Term
Mao Zedong’s Cultural Revolution allowed Christian missionaries new freedoms in China.
 Definition
false
Term
The first amendment to the US Constitution marks a break from traditional structures of Augustinianism.
 Definition
true
Term
Islam belongs to which family of faiths
 Definition
Abrahamic
Term
Ishmail was ________.
 Definition
the brother of Isaac and forebear of the Islamic nation
Term
To be a Muslim can mean to ________
 Definition
to be of the faith
to be in an Islamic ruled country
Term
The Kaaba was originally ________.
 Definition
a building that housed the idols of hundreds of tribal gods
Term
Muslims consider the attribute which was most lacking in the time before Muhammad to be ________
 Definition
moral responsibility to the community
Term
Importantly, the Constitution of Medina clarified ________
 Definition
the proper relationship between Muslim and non-Muslim communities
Term
What dispute most threatened the survival of the early Muslim community?
 Definition
disagreement over the appropriate successor to Muhammad
Term
The first successor to Muhammad’s leadership position in the Muslim community was ________
 Definition
Abu Bakr
Term
The Quranic verse (Q. 24:30–31) which is used to interpret the appropriate dress for Muslim women instructs all women to ________.
 Definition
dress and behave modestly
Term
There is a Hadith which states that God will send to this ummah at the head of each century those who will renew its faith for it. The term for ‘renewal’ is ________.
 Definition
Tajdid
Term
Which modern war made many Muslims question whether they had been unfaithful to Islamic principles and lacking in faith?
 Definition
The six day war
Term
The word jihad means ________.
 Definition
struggle
Term
What means did Muhammad use to defeat the Meccans and unite the tribes of Arabia under the banner of Islam?
 Definition
force and diplomacy
Term
The proportions of Sunnis and Shiahs respectively are ________.
 Definition
85 to 15
Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
 Definition
Ijma
Term
The Wahhabi movement in Islam advocates the form of Islam found in ________.
 Definition
Saudi Arabia
Term
Islamic modernist movements challenged conservative religious establishments by ________
 Definition
asserting the right of individuals to interpret doctrine contextually
Term
Sayed Qutb maintained that ________.
 Definition
the creation of an Islamic system of government was a divine command
Term
While an ‘Islamic state’ is a state which bases itself on the Quran, a ‘Muslim state’ is one in which ________
 Definition
the majority of the population is Muslim
Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the beliefs shared by contemporary Islamic activists?
 Definition
The religious practices of Islam are essential to its spirit, and must not be altered or re-interpreted.
Term
The transnational coalition of extremist groups created in 1998 by Bin Laden and others was called ________
 Definition
the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders
Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the Islamic laws regarding the goals and means of a valid jihad?
 Definition
Surrender is prohibited under all circumstances.
Term
The African-American Islamic movement in America that has the largest number of followers and does not practice black separatism or preach Black Nationalism is the ________.
 Definition
American Muslim Mission
Term
Understanding Islam today requires knowing ________
 Definition
the causes of pre-modern and modern reform movements
Term
For Muslims, Islam is the completion of previous revelations.
 Definition
true
Term
The vast majority of Muslims are a part of the Arab world.
 Definition
false
Term
Muhammad’s goal was to found a new religion
 Definition
false
Term
Islam is the fastest growing religion in both North America and Europe
 Definition
true
Term
Historically Islam has not been a politically active religion.
 Definition
false
Term
In Islam, God can be known only indirectly, through his messengers and revelations
 Definition
true
Term
Muhammad was raised in a well-off, highly educated household
 Definition
false
Term
Muhammad had no other wives while he was married to his first wife, Khadija.
 Definition
true
Term
Muhammad quickly converted the residents of Mecca to Islam, where he was made leader of the city.
 Definition
false
Term
In the early years of Islam, Muslims were subject to many forms of persecution and oppression.
 Definition
true
Term
Muslim’s believe that the Christian doctrine of the Trinity does NOT undermine the belief in the Oneness of God.
 Definition
false
Term
Islam began to appear as a distinct and different religion from Judaism while Muhammad was in Medina.
 Definition
true
Term
For Muslims, Islam is the ‘original’ religion
 Definition
true
Term
Many Muslims believe that the clearest evidence of the Quran’s power is its eloquence.
 Definition
true
Term
In the 7th and 8th centuries, Islam was significantly less tolerant than Christianity.
 Definition
false
Term
For Shiah Muslims, history is the struggle of a righteous but historically oppressed and disinherited community against usurpers and the unjust
 Definition
true
Term
Sunni Muslims believe that the political and military leader of the community should also be the prophet of the community
 Definition
false
Term
In Islam, Muslims have a communal but not an individual responsibility for the creation of a good society.
 Definition
false
Term
The Quran is the primary source of Islamic law
 Definition
true
Term
Islam was the first religion to recognize a woman’s right to own and inherit property
 Definition
true
Term
The Quran holds that men and women should fulfill the same roles.
 Definition
false
Term
The Quran holds that men and women are equal in terms of their religious and moral obligations.
 Definition
true
Term
Islam constituted an effective theological and political challenge to Christendom
 Definition
true
Term
Before the Crusades, Jews, Christians, and Muslims, lived together in relative harmony
 Definition
true
Term
Richard ‘the Lion-Hearted’, of Robin Hood fame, promised to spare the women and children of Jerusalem during the Crusades: he then slaughtered all Muslim inhabitants
 Definition
true
Term
The majority of Muslim countries are no longer under authoritarian rule.
 Definition
false
Term
The majority of Islamic organizations insist that revolution is the only way to liberate society
 Definition
false
Term
In Islamic law, a jihad is only legitimate if it is declared by the head of state.
 Definition
true
Term
Hinduism is ________
 Definition
the second largest world religion
Term
Hinduism is currently ________.
 Definition
the second fastest growing world religion
Term
Which of the following countries has a majority Hindu population
 Definition
Nepal
Term
What is the correct term for ‘Hindu state’?
 Definition
Hindu rashtra
Term
The term ‘Aryan’ is now considered by scholars to refer to ________.
 Definition
a group of people whose migration affected local languages
Term
The text which laid out the theory and implication of karma is called the ________.
 Definition
) Dharmashastras
Term
Which of the following is one of the stages that a twice-born man must go through in order to become a full person?
 Definition
Forest-dweller
Term
Which of the following choices is not one of the four legitimate aims of human striving in classical Hindu theory?
 Definition
Experiencing the variety of creation through travel.
Term
By the classical era (c. 400 CE), two texts had emerged from oral traditions which conveyed the ideals and theology of classical Hinduism. These texts were ________
 Definition
the Mahabarata and the Ramayana
Term
Which of the following was not a major deity in classical Hinduism?
 Definition
Indra
Term
Christian missionaries to India suggested that the British triumph in India was a representation of ________.
 Definition
divine judgment of Hinduism as a demonic heresy
Term
Which of the following groups was the first Global Hindu mission?
 Definition
Ramakrishna
Term
Which of the following is the best definition for the term ‘ahimsa’?
 Definition
non-violence
Term
Gandhi was assassinated by a fundamentalist ________
 Definition
Hindu
Term
The ritual known as ‘namkaram’ is when ________.
 Definition
a child received its formal name
Term
Which of the following is the primary festival in the Hindu calendar?
 Definition
Holi
Term
The holiest points on the Ganges are the ________.
 Definition
tributary confluences
Term
________ symbolizes a new identity when accepting a guru is
 Definition
recieving a new name
Term
What is the ‘limitation’ that is responsible for giving Hinduism its unusual openness to ongoing revelation and different beliefs?
 Definition
The acceptance that the Ultimate Reality is beyond human understanding.
Term
According to classical Hindu doctrine, the most important force in the universe is ________.
 Definition
karma
Term
What is the name of the spot placed by some Hindus on their forehead above and between the eyes?
 Definition
Tilak
Term
The early Christian missionaries from Britain were mostly ________.
 Definition
Protestant
Term
Which Hindu doctrine has been continuously challenged by Hindu modernists?
 Definition
the caste system
Term
‘Hindu’ is a word coined by Muslim invaders
 Definition
true
Term
In South Asia’s long history, there have been no heresy trials or inquisitions
 Definition
true
Term
Unlike Islam, in Hinduism there is nothing about Sanskrit which is in itself sacred.
 Definition
false
Term
The major divinities of the Vedic world were all male.
 Definition
true
Term
In Hinduism, the individual soul is a part of the unitary reality which has become separated
 Definition
true
Term
All Hindu recognize the OM symbol as representing the same god.
 Definition
false
Term
Buddha was one of the neighbouring gods not incorporated into the Hindu panoply
 Definition
false
Term
The fundamental paradigm of Hinduism is that of the individual’s place in society as defined by the terms of karma
 Definition
true
Term
Hindu religious law sees all human beings as having equal social, religious, and legal standing.
 Definition
false
Term
Many Hindus believe that maintaining the caste system properly ensured the divine approval necessary for a fruitful society and a productive nature
 Definition
true
Term
The common goal of each Hindu is to find and focus on the one god whose form is most appropriate to act as a channel of grace for that individual.
 Definition
true
Term
The cultivation of artistic pleasure is a way that some Hindus seek union with Shiva.
 Definition
true
Term
Tantric teachers argued that drastic measures were needed to occasion spiritual breakthroughs in the current age of decline
 Definition
true
Term
Sufi Islam was rejected by Hindus in the early Islamic era as incompatible with Hindu principles.
 Definition
false
Term
Tantric traditions require a suspension of the norms of Hindu social law.
 Definition
true
Term
Since the end of the Muslim domination of South Asia, all Muslim influences on Hindu religion practice have been excised.
 Definition
false
Term
Coming-of-age rituals for girls emphasize fertility
 Definition
true
Term
Hindus believe that the divine created the world, set it in motion, and then stepped back to allow it to work on its own.
 Definition
false
Term
Hindu nationalism often questions whether Muslims and Christians are loyal citizens of India
 Definition
false
Term
A distinctive characteristic of Hinduism it its tolerance for opposing views, including non-belief
 Definition
true
Term
Carrying a body to the funeral pyre is the role of the female relatives of the deceased
 Definition
false
Term
There is more than one New Year in India.
 Definition
true
Term
The predominant religious institution of Hinduism is the temple
 Definition
true
Term
No Hindu will eat beef.
 Definition
false
Term
There is no tradition of skepticism in South Asia.
 Definition
false
Term
India now permits women to become sati
 Definition
false
Term
The democratic and secular Indian state no longer favours the higher castes
 Definition
false
Term
The VHP views the secular state of India as divisive and corrupting
 Definition
true
Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the four ‘passing sights’ that had a transformative effect on the young Siddhartha?
 Definition
a crying man
Term
What was the name of the demon who tried to tempt Siddhartha?
 Definition
mara
Term
One can use ‘the Buddha’ rather than ‘Siddhartha’, when one is referring to a time after Siddartha ________.
 Definition
spent the night under the bodhi tree
Term
Which of the following is a universally accepted teaching and practice in Buddhism?
 Definition
Recitation of the Three Refuges
Term
What are the respective percentages of the Mahayana and Theravada schools of Buddhism?
 Definition
62 per cent and 38 per cent
Term
In the last half of the 20th century, ‘revolutionary campaigns’ in Asia sought to ________.
 Definition
eliminate Buddhist influence and practices
Term
The original name of the Buddha is reputed to be which of the following?
 Definition
Siddhartha
Term
Buddhism’s emergence as a broad-based religion was due largely to the work of which of these figures?
 Definition
Ashoka
Term
Buddhism was revolutionary in ancient India because it ________.
 Definition
rejected the caste system
Term
The term for the system by which a Buddhist monastery set up satellite extensions is ________.
 Definition
Mother-daughter
Term
In the Theravada Buddhist tradition, uposatha days are days of ________.
 Definition
repentance and recommitment
Term
The Bodh Gaya temple, reputed to be the site of the Buddha’s enlightenment, is under the control of ________.
 Definition
Hindu Priests
Term
In order to legitimate their authority, in the 1990’s the ruling junta of Myanmar did what?
 Definition
Publicized their devotion to Buddhist institutions and relics
Term
One adaptation that has been required of sangha leaders in Canada is that they ________.
 Definition
must accept the ‘priestly’ functions of officiating at marriages
Term
The Maha Sangha Buddhist order in Sri Lanka advocates what approach to resolving that country’s conflict with the Tamil Tigers?
 Definition
violence
Term
The ‘Three Refuges’ refer to the three ancient cities of refuge in China
 Definition
false
Term
Buddhism is the oldest of the world’s missionary religions.
 Definition
true
Term
Buddhism rejects worldly blessings as incompatible with the Buddha’s teachings.
 Definition
false
Term
Mahayana Buddhism is referred to as ‘Northern Buddhism’ because adherents live north of the tropics
 Definition
true
Term
The Buddha was born into a society which accepted a rigid caste system and Brahmin leadership
 Definition
true
Term
Siddhartha’s childhood was plagued by poverty, cruelty, and abuse.
 Definition
false
Term
In order to resist the temptation of a demon, Siddhartha touched the earth and called on it to bear witness for him.
 Definition
true
Term
Those who achieve nirvana can see the karmic destiny of an individual.
 Definition
true
Term
One of the Buddha’s powers was to perceive the exact capacity of his audience and teach accordingly
 Definition
true
Term
The Buddha taught that women were not capable of reaching nirvana.
 Definition
false
Term
The Buddha instructed his followers not to appoint a single person or institution to a position of authority over the entire Buddhist community.
 Definition
true
Term
The number of different sects and beliefs within Buddhism means that there is little continuity in popular lay practice
 Definition
false
Term
The Buddhist system of divine causation is based on the belief that ‘removing desire removes suffering’.
 Definition
true
Term
According to the teaching of the Eightfold Path, moral progress is the essential foundation of successful meditation.
 Definition
true
Term
All members of a Buddhist sangha must focus exclusively on meditation and spiritual studies
 Definition
false
Term
In places where Buddhism was thriving, donations which exceeded the monasteries needs were reinvested in the secular community
 Definition
true
Term
Buddhists and Buddhist institutions have never supported slavery.
 Definition
false
Term
Early Buddhist scholastics recognized nirvana as the only permanent reality in the cosmos
 Definition
true
Term
The Mahayana believe in an experimental (as opposed to literal) approach to religious teaching
 Definition
true
Term
In Japan, Pure Land Buddhism taught that an individual’s power was insufficient to allow them to reach nirvana.
 Definition
true
Term
Only Mahayana Buddhism flourished in China
 Definition
false
Term
Theravada Buddhism was embraced primarily in Southeast Asia
 Definition
true
Term
Under colonial rule, Buddhist monasteries continued to receive the institutional accommodation that they had received from previous governments.
 Definition
false
Term
Japanese Zen schools of Buddhism were heavily influenced by two forms of Chinese Ch’an Buddhist tradition.
 Definition
true
Term
Buddhist death rituals intend to ensure that the deceased does not become a demon
 Definition
true
Term
Buddhism’s decline in Asia can be traced to the deprivation of resources and political resources as a result of colonialism
 Definition
true
Term
Pol Pot’s government supported and protected Buddhist sites and practices
 Definition
false
Term
The Japanese nationalist movement of the late 19th Century deliberately diminished the role of Buddhism
 Definition
true
Term
The Tibetan government in exile is situated in northern India.
 Definition
true
Term
What religious community was in control in the region and time period in which Sikhism arose?
 Definition
Islam
Term
What is the name of the sacred text of the Sikh tradition?
 Definition
Adi Granth
Term
What is the name of the Guru who is considered the founder of Sikhism?
 Definition
Nanak
Term
What is the Mul Mantra
 Definition
A concise summary of Sikh doctrine.
Term
What was the focus of the first stage of the development of the Sikh Panth
 Definition
The consolidation of scripture and tradition
Term
What was the focus of the second stage of the development of the Sikh Panth?
 Definition
Increasing the political role of Sikhs in the Mughal Empire.
Term
What was the focus of the third stage of the development of the Sikh Panth?
 Definition
The formation of the Khalsa Panth.
Term
Under which leader of the Sikh Panth did the tradition of the langer become a standard practice
 Definition
Guru Arjan
Term
What became the general name for the Sikh place of worship in the 18th century?
 Definition
Gurdawa
Term
What is the name of the definitive guide to Sikh practice and faith, published in 1950
 Definition
Sikh Rahit Maryada
Term
Sikh bodyguards were responsible for the death of which major political figure?
 Definition
Indira Gandhi
Term
In the Sikh tradition, the primary sacred text is considered to be what
 Definition
A guru himself
Term
What was the name of the chieftain who succeeded in founding an independent Sikh state in the late 18th century?
 Definition
Rajit Singh
Term
Sikh children’s names are determined by what?
 Definition
The first letter on the left-hand page of the Adi Granth opened randomly at the naming ceremony
Term
In order to signify the patriarchal handing over of the daughter to her new family, the bride’s father does what?
 Definition
Hands the bride a scarf worn by the groom.
Term
Sikhism is the youngest of the ‘world religions’.
 Definition
true
Term
The Punjab region is completely contained within the border of India.
 Definition
false
Term
Nationalism, in various forms, has been central to Sikhism’s encounter with modernity
 Definition
true
Term
Sikh orthodoxy is constituted by a clearly defined set of beliefs and practices
 Definition
true
Term
Sikhs have never had their own state
 Definition
false
Term
The drive for a Sikh homeland has always been a pacifist movement.
 Definition
false
Term
The oneness of God in Sikhism is similar to the Hindu concept of Brahman.
 Definition
false
Term
For Sikhs, the only way to express the formlessness of God is by saying what God is not
 Definition
false
Term
The founder of Sikhism passed leadership of the religious community to members of his own family.
 Definition
false
Term
Guru Arjan was the first Sikh martyr
 Definition
true
Term
Guru Hargobind was the first Guru to appear in public wearing weapons to symbolize both religious and political power
 Definition
true
Term
An important tenant of the Khalsa code is religious tolerance
 Definition
true
Term
For Sikhs, the most important component of devotional singing is the melody and the music which accompany the lyrics
 Definition
false
Term
Sikh gurdwaras are intricately decorated.
 Definition
false
Term
In the Sikh tradition, the second name of a child is one that they share with all children of the same gender
 Definition
true
Term
Sikhs generally accept the Hindu caste tradition
 Definition
false
Term
In Sikhism, apprehension of the meaning of being human is a gift of God
 Definition
true
Term
Sikh tradition has always maintained that equality is the ideal for the relationship between women and men
 Definition
true
Term
In Sikhism, the name of God (Nam) has, on its own, a transformative power
 Definition
true
Term
Modern Sikhism arose as a response to the pressure to convert to Christianity as exercised by British colonialism
 Definition
true
Term
All major Sikh reform movements understand their faith in the context of Hinduism
 Definition
false
Term
Control of the gurdwaras has always been an issue of religious doctrine, rather than a political issue
 Definition
true
Term
During worship at the gurdwara, men, women, and children sit together
 Definition
false
Term
All Sikh girls are given the second name ‘Kauer’, (‘princess’).
 Definition
true
Term
Sikh members of the RCMP are permitted to wear the turban as a part of their working uniform
 Definition
true
Term
Converts to Sikhism cannot be initiated into the Khalsa
 Definition
false
Term
The numbers of Sikhs who are reporting on their census forms that they have no religion is increasing.
 Definition
true
Term
Sikh gurdwaras outside the subcontinent have taken on the role of providing social aid and economic assistance for new immigrants.
 Definition
true
Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the religious traditions which blended with early practices to create the diffuse religion of South Asia
 Definition
Hinduism
Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the evils that mid-nineteenth century reformers associated with Confucianism?
 Definition
Sexual promiscuity
Term
The Shang burial traditions required ________
 Definition
that the dead be buried with all the essentials for life in the next world
Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Hierarchical Relationships of classical Confucianism
 Definition
Cat and Bird
Term
The Dao can only be expressed through ________.
 Definition
silence
Term
According to Daoist thought, which of the following is the true teacher of humanity?
 Definition
nature
Term
What is the symbol of Amaterasu?
 Definition
mirror
Term
The unity of the three faiths’ refers to which three faiths?
 Definition
Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism
Term
Which one of the following is NOT one of the aspects of applied Daoism developed to manage worldly life?
 Definition
kami
Term
Characteristics of Confucianism include ________.
 Definition
active social service
Term
Characteristics of Daoism include ________.
 Definition
individual retreat
Term
At the popular level, which of the following were eventually included in the Daoist pantheon?
 Definition
Lao Zi, the Buddha, and Guanyin
Term
Which of the following is a characteristic of ‘yin’?
 Definition
west
Term
Which of the following is a characteristic of ‘yang’?
 Definition
Bright
Term
What is the name of the spiritual force that inhabits legendary figures and geographical features (such as springs, rivers, and mountain peaks)?
 Definition
Ling
Term
Which of the following is the Confucian term for a ‘perfected person’?
 Definition
Sheng-ren
Term
Which of the following in the usual term which refers to a Shinto priest?
 Definition
Shinshoku
Term
Which of the following is the translation of the Chinese term for the era of colonialism and modernization
 Definition
Humiliation
Term
Which of the following is the translation of the Japanese term for the era of colonialism and modernization
 Definition
Patient endurance
Term
Reformers in the modern era felt that Confucianism served the purposes of what group?
 Definition
Authoritarian governments
Term
Japanese nationalism of the Meiji era drew primarily on what tradition?
 Definition
shinto
Term
The first Christians to proselytize in Ming China were ________.
 Definition
Jesuit
Term
During the Cultural Revolution, Mao required Red Guards to refer to Confucius and his sons as ________.
 Definition
Villainous Slave-Owners
Term
Which of the following is NOT accepted as a ‘new religion’ in East Asia?
 Definition
Aum Shinrikyo
Term
‘Third Epoch’ Confucians are critical of ________
 Definition
Global modernization
Term
Roughly 40 per cent of the world’s population is East Asian.
 Definition
true
Term
Some early Chinese cultural forms have been better preserved in Korea and Japan than in modern China
 Definition
true
Term
Modern scholars attribute the success of Japan solely to its early and rapid Westernization.
 Definition
false
Term
During the Shang dynasty, only the Shang rulers were allowed to petition the highest deity
 Definition
true
Term
Confucius came to be described as a demigod.
 Definition
true
Term
Chinese polytheistic theology regarded the deities as evil.
 Definition
false
Term
The Dao (the mystical reality underlying nature) can only be expressed through the most refined and classical language.
 Definition
false
Term
For Daoists, the human body is a potentially perfectible vessel.
 Definition
true
Term
The state religion of the Han period placed the emperor in the position of chief priest.
 Definition
true
Term
Systematization of Daoist texts and teachings was motivated by Buddhism’s rise to prominence
 Definition
true
Term
In the eighth century, Buddhists in Korea were marginalized and deprived of state protection
 Definition
false
Term
In Eastern Asia, Buddhism was generally adopted by members of the elite
 Definition
true
Term
Japan’s resistance to Chinese deities was bolstered by Shinto mythology which portrayed Japan as unique and superior.
 Definition
true
Term
Confucians viewed the Buddhist ideal of monastic celibacy and retreat from society as anti-social.
 Definition
true
Term
Mao Zedong believed it was possible to combine communist rule with strong religious traditions
 Definition
false
Term
Confucianism in China was undermined when the Chinese government required mastery of Confucian learning as a precondition for winning a position in the Chinese civil service.
 Definition
false
Term
Neo-Confucianism was influenced by the Daoist concept of humanities unity with the natural world.
 Definition
true
Term
The largest Buddhist centre in Japan today is the Pure Land School.
 Definition
true
Term
Historically, Shinto priests at major shrines have always been males from aristocratic families.
 Definition
true
Term
‘Cleverness’ is one of the most common deities in Chinese communities.
 Definition
false
Term
Cemeteries in East Asia are fearsome places to be avoided.
 Definition
false
Term
The term for a Japanese Shinto shrine is ‘jinja’
 Definition
true
Term
The goal of feng shui is to maximize human flourishing in both natural and man-made environments.
 Definition
true
Term
Traditional funeral processions are still forbidden in China
 Definition
false
Term
In Japan the revival of religion commenced after WWII.
 Definition
true
Term
The Japanese are lacking in religion.
 Definition
false
Term
An estimated 20 per cent of modern Japanese people adhere to ‘new religions’.
 Definition
true
Term
Both Confucianism and Daoism see this world as sacred.
 Definition
true
Term
The Confucian revival movement wants to return to the teachings of the early sages.
 Definition
true
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