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| the system of belief that involves worship of a god or gods, ritual, prayers and a moral code. |
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| belief systems, community, central myths, rituals, ethics, characteristic emotional experiences, material expression, sacredness. |
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| several beliefs fit together to form a world view |
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| the belief system is shared, and its ideal are practiced by a group |
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| stories that express the religious beliefs of a group are retold and often reenacted |
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| beliefs are enacted and made real through ceremonies |
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| rules about human behavior are established |
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| characteristic emotional experiences |
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| among the emotional experiences typically associated with religions are dread, guilt, awe, ecstasy etc. |
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| statues, paintings, ritualistic things |
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| a distinction made between something sacred and something ordinary |
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| unlimited by the world and the ordinary reality |
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| sacred is within this world |
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| cannot know existence of god |
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| Patterns Among Religions are.. |
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to help us compare and contrast.
not absolute and are always changing. |
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| There are 3 patterns in this text |
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Focus of Beliefs and Practices
Views of the world and life
Views of male and female |
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| Focus of Beliefs and Practices |
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Sacramentalemphasizes ritual
Propheticemphasizes belief and morality
Mysticalemphasizes sense of oneness with god or the universe |
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Sacred realitytranscendent or immanent
Universecreated or eternal
Natureperfect or imperfect
Timecyclical or linear
Human beingscentral or part of nature and society
Words and scripturesvaluable or inadequate
Exclusiveness vs. inclusiveness |
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Gods or Goddesses or both
The role and status of women in the religious organization
The role and status of women in society |
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| Goddess worship dates back to |
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Religions associated with a particular place and/or people.
Most have ancient origins to the beginning of abstract thought.
They developed naturally in all parts of the world.
Relationship to nature
Native peoples everywhere have sought to understand and control their world, prevent disaster, cure illness, explain death and the afterlife, encourage reproduction and prosperity.
Most began as oral traditions no writings.
Evidence found in monuments, paintings, carvings, sculpture, story, music and dance. |
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| native, tribal, aboriginal, primitive, or oral religions. |
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| Other names for indigenous religions |
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| every object and act may have religious meaning. |
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| What can these religions teach us? |
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Sacred Time and Space
Time is cyclical.
You can enter sacred time through ritual and be with ancestors or the deities. |
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rituals that put the people into right relationship with the ancestors, nature, other people, and the deities.
Taboo and sacrifice
Shamanism, trance and spiritual powers
Magic
Artifacts and art
Symbols |
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| Most Indigenous Religions Have |
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Sacred Practices and Origin stories
Reverence for ancestors. To be remembered is to be kept alive. Feed them!
Gods and Goddesses |
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| Creation myths, and stories about how the tribe came to be. |
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| a holy mountain, a lake, a building, temple, cave, or Stonehenge. A place where humans can be with the deities, spirits or ancestors. |
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| Goddess and Primal Religions |
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Venus of Willendorf, 10-25,000 BCE
Goddesses Ruled
Goddesses of Fertility, Wisdom, Creation, Sun, Moon, War/Strength, Queen of Heaven, Mother Earth, Language found on every continent but one.
Nut, Brigit, Isis, Nidaba, Cerridwen, Gaia, Demeter and Isis, to name a few.
Matriarchy, and matrilineal societies |
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| Many Religions One Name. It is the name given by the British to the many religions of India. |
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| There are many ways to be a Hindu |
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| different deities, rituals, sacred writings, and yogas. |
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| is tolerant and inclusive. |
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| Hindus worship one Ultimate Reality or God |
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| Hindu belief that every person contains part of that Reality |
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Time is relative, and matter is impermanent.
Reality is the Great Consciousness or Brahman
Goal of life is union with Brahman |
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| Hinduism believe that our Problem |
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| our failure to live or think properly traps us in circle of rebirth called samsara. |
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| Hinduism believe that the Solution |
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| the yogas, paths to liberation and union with Brahman. |
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| everyday world of change and pain |
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| release from samsara; state of bliss; experiencing the unity of all things. |
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| a Buddhist teaching, lesson |
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| Inner peace is found in acceptance of the present moment. |
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| a person or deity of compassion in Mahayana Buddhism |
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| emptinessthe interrelated nature of all reality |
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Right understanding
Right intervention
Right speech
Right action
Right work
Right effort
Right meditation
Right contemplation |
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To live is to suffer
Suffering comes from desire
To end suffering, end desire
Release from suffering is possible and can be attained by following the Noble Eightfold Path |
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Theravada
Mahayana
Vajrayana |
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way of the elders
Southern school (southeast Asia)
Conservative
Monastic focus |
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diamond vehicle
Tibetan Buddhism
Highly ritualistic |
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big vehicle
Northern school (east Asia)
Speculative
Greater focus on layperson |
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| Hindi beliefs evolved since |
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| divine reality at the heart of all things |
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| our deepest, spiritual self; part of Brahman |
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| moral consequences for our actions |
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| cycle of life, suffering, death, rebirth. |
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| liberation from samsara; perfected living brings freedom |
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Determine duty and right action:
Student celibacy, study
House-holder sexuality, reproduction, family
Retiree religious pursuits and grand parenting
Renunciate (sannyasin) |
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An umbrella for many pathways to the Supreme Being
Inclusivity and multiplicity
Struggling to maintain spirituality in contemporary times.
Unity vs. duality |
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| A set of techniques that deepen spirituality |
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| overarching philosophy of Hinduism |
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| Song of God for everyday practice; doing ones duty. |
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Indigenous religions influenced by influx of Aryans (or Caucasians) from the northwest.
Sacrifices to nature gods
Hereditary priesthood
Outdoor fire altars
Memorized Vedic chants or hymns
Offerings of food, drink, animals |
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| Major Literature of Hinduism |
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Vedas 1,500 BCE or earlier
Hymns, rituals, knowledge, prayers |
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| knowledge, studying the scriptures |
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| selfless action, service to others |
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| devotion to a deity or guru |
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