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Definition
| process through which senses pickup visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli and transmit them to the brain. |
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| process through which sensory information is organized and interpreted by the brain. |
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| the minimum amount of sensory stimulation that can be detected 50% of the time. |
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| 4. JND (just noticeable difference) |
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Definition
| the smallest change in sensation that a person is able to detect 50% of the time. |
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Definition
| highly specialized cells in the sense organs that detect and respond to one type of sensory stimuli-light, sound, or odor, for example-and transducer (convert) the stimuli into neural impulses. |
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Definition
| process through which sensory receptors convert the sensory stimulation into neural impulses. |
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| the narrow band of electromagnetic waves visible to the human eye. |
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Definition
| small opening in the center of the colored part of the eye. |
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| colored part of the eye that dilates and contracts the pupil to regulate the amount of light that enters the eye. |
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| the transparent disc-shaped structure behind the iris and the pupil that changes shape as it focuses on objects at varying distances. |
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Definition
| layer of tissue that is located on the inner surface of the eyeball and contains the sensory receptors for vision. |
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Definition
| 120 million in the eye, light sensitive receptor cells. |
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Definition
| 6 million in the eye, color sensitive cells. |
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Definition
| the tough, transparent, protective layer that covers the front of the eye and bends light rays inward through the pupil. |
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Definition
| small area at the center of the retina where vision is the clearest. |
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Definition
| area in retina where the optic nerve is attached. |
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| the nerve that carries visual information from each retina to both sides of the brain. |
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Definition
| the theory of color vision suggesting that there are three types of cones in the retina that make a maximal chemical response to one of three colors-red, green, or blue. |
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Term
| 18. Opponent-Process Theory |
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Definition
| theory of color vision suggesting that three kinds of cells respond by increasing or decreasing their rate of firing when different colors are present. |
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Definition
| units of measurement for the loudness of sounds. |
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Definition
| the distinctive quality of a sound that distinguishes it from other sounds of the pitch and loudness. |
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Definition
| the sensation and process of hearing |
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Definition
| the fluid filled, snail-shaped, bony chamber in the inner ear that contains the basilar membrane and its hair cells (the sound receptors). |
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| chemicals excreted by humans and other animals that can have a powerful effect on the behavior of other members of the same species. |
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| pertaining to the sense of touch. |
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| sense providing information about the position of body parts in relation to each other and the movement of the entire body or its parts. |
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| sense that detects movement and provides information about the body’s orientation in space. |
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| everything we are aware of. |
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Definition
| within each 24hour period, the regular fluctuation from high to low points of certain bodily functions and behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| non-rapid eye movement sleep, which consists of four sleep stages. |
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Definition
| type of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, paralysis of large muscles, increased brain-wave activity, and vivid dreams. |
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Definition
| sleep disturbances in which behaviors and physiological states that normally take place only in the waking state occur while a person is sleeping. |
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| category of sleep disorders in which the timing, quantity, or quality of sleep is impaired. |
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| process through which one person uses the power of suggestion to induce changes in thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions, or behavior in another person. |
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| any substance that alters mood, perception, or thought; called a controlled substance if approved for medical use. |
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Definition
| drugs that speed up activity in the central nervous system, suppresses appetite, and can cause a person to feel more awake. |
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Definition
| drugs that decrease activity in the central nervous system, slow down bodily functions, and reduces sensitivity to outside stimulation; also called “downers.” |
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| class of depressant drugs derived from the opium poppy that produces pain relieving and calming effects. |
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Definition
| drugs that can alter and distort perceptions of time and space. |
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Term
| 13. Physical Drug Dependence |
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Definition
| compulsive pattern of drug use in which the user develops a drug tolerance coupled with unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug use is discontinued. |
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Term
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Definition
| the user becomes progressively less affected by the drug and must take larger doses. |
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Term
| 15. Psychological Drug Tolerance |
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Definition
| craving or irresistible urge for a drug’s pleasurable effects. |
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