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| The world is what % water? |
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| 1st ship chartered for ocean study |
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| 1st phase of oceanography is |
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| food transportation and trade routes |
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| the Bathysphere- father of deep ocean exploration |
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| food(fish turtle kelp ) salt(86% of salt is sea salt) Water(97% of all water is ocean water) |
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| sand gravel and blocks(…and filling) |
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| Alternative Energy sources |
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| wave tides currents ocean temperature energy conversion (OTEC) |
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Steady state- all matter and energy
Big Bang- Doppler effect
Oscillation Theory- explosion, black hole |
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| was no oxygen or ozone (carbon dioxide) |
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a.Photochemical dissociation: use ultra violet light
b.Outgassing: produces gas on the surface
c.Comet Ice: vapor trail |
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a.Divine creation
b.Development on earth form available materials
c.Extraterrestrials
d.Combine of theories( most accepted) |
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a. Pacific: coldest, deepest
b. Atlantic: saltiest
c. Indian: triangular wedge
d. Arctic: shallowest
e. Antarctic: defined by currents |
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| boils out form the valley (hot water vents) cannons formed |
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| boils out form the valley (hot water vents) cannons formed |
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| volcanoes follow the trenches (deepest part of the ocean) |
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| volcanoes follow the trenches (deepest part of the ocean) |
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a.Slope: greatest angle, submarine cannons
b.Rise: sediment piles |
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| found evidence for the continental drift |
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| continental drift, ancient climates and environments, fossil plants, fossil animals, rick age distribution, mountains, fault and other structures |
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a. Pangea: super continent
b. Gondwanaland: southern continent |
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a. Mantle: silly putty
b. Outer core: liquid, nickel, iron
c. Inner core: very dense, nickel, iron |
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| a mountain rising from the ocean floor |
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a.Terrigenous: derived from land
b.Volcanic:
c.Extraterestrail: cosmogentic |
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| manganese nodeles and massive sulfide deposits-oozes red and green clay |
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| 35 parts per thousand 0/00 |
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| weight, chlorinity, conductivity, refraction, density |
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| litmus paper, pH paper, Titration, pH meter |
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| Carbonate v. Silica (Chart) |
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a.High Temperature: C-precipitate S-dissolves
b.Low Temperature: C-dissolves S-precipitates
c.Shallow: C-precipitate S- dissolves
d.Deep: S- dissolves C- precipitate
e.High pH: C- precipitate S-dissolves
f.Low pH: C-dissolves S-precipitate |
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| Thermal equator moves _______ in the winter and summer months |
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| 1 g puc (per unit centimeter) |
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| temperature, salinity, depth |
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| More water in ______ Hemisphere |
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| rapid change of temperature between surface water and bottom water |
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a.North Atlantic Equatorial EW
b.Gulf Stream SN
c.North Atlantic current: WE
d.Canary current: NS |
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| clockwise- North and Counter clockwise- South |
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| Structure of water molecule: |
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| is a wave that moves; impact/ wind |
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| Standing/stationary waves: |
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| wave form that is fixed in one place |
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| Two properties that identify Water Masses: |
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| Two properties that identify Water Masses: |
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| louder and can't hear direction |
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| land slide, meteorites, earthquakes, volcanoes |
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| measurement of wave speed |
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| measurement of wave speed |
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| measurement of wave speed |
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a. Force: wind speed
b. Duration: time
c. Fetch: distance flow |
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| strong surface flow returning seaward form the near shore |
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| 1st/3rd quarter moon, min tide |
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| 1high and 1 low per lunar day |
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| a high and 1 low per HALF lunar day |
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| Problems by man with the coast: |
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| recreational activites-1) blowouts 2)loss of vegetation |
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| Problems by man with the coast: |
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| recreational activites-1) blowouts 2)loss of vegetation |
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| Solutions for clogged waterways: |
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| dredging channels jetties |
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| organism is attached to the substrate at the bottom of the ocean |
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| temperature, water depth, density, water movement, turbidity, bottom, light |
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| salinity, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients |
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| food, space, reproduction |
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| Mode of life/ type of movement in water |
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a. Plankton: floaters
b. Nekton: swimmers
c. Benthos: bottom dwellers |
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| Planktic and Nektic live where: |
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| in waters over continental shelf |
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a. Infaunal: in the sediment
b. Enfaunal: in the surface |
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| Heterotrophs; three types: |
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| find food; carnivores, herbivores, omnivores |
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| Arthoropoda definition two types: |
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1. jointed appendages, functional regions, exoskeleton
a. Mandibulata: have mandibles; lobster, krill, crab
b. Chelicerata no antennae; sea spider, horse shoe crab |
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| head foot mantle shell, circulatory, excretory, nervous, reproduction system, 3 chamber heart |
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| head foot mantle shell, circulatory, excretory, nervous, reproduction system, 3 chamber heart |
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| one celled eukaryotic plants and animals, has a nucleus |
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| prokaryotic, Archea-extreme environments |
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| Sponges have Spicules (define) |
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| small needle like stucture |
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| respiration eating; characteristic of Echinodermata |
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| digestive system, chemotrophic |
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| Cnidaria four types (define and example) |
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a. Scyphozoa: true jelly fish most of life in medusa stage
b. Hydrozoa: Fire coral; hydro, reproduces during medusa stage
c. Cubozoa: entire life as a medusa; sea wasps
d. Anthrozoa: entire life as a polyp; black croal |
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