Term
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Definition
| A time of exploring, new trade routes, and new supplies. |
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Term
| The Role of Muslims in the Age of Exploration |
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Definition
| Muslims controlled trade routes that the Europeans wanted and they advanced the equipment of the time. |
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Term
| The Importance of trade routes to the Europeans in the Age of Exploration |
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Definition
| Trade routes brought together different people and they began to learn different cultures. |
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Term
| The three G's in the Age of Exploration |
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Definition
| The three “G”s were God, gold, and glory. |
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Term
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Definition
| He founded a navigation school, explored Africa, and Portugal became the leading nation to explored new places. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a sailor who went to the Cape of Good Hope and reaches Calica, India. |
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Term
| Who was Christopher Columbus? |
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Definition
| Christopher Columbus was a Spanish explorer who discovered America in 1492. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a sailor looking for a Northwest Passage to Asia and discovered Newfoundland for England. |
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Term
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Definition
| He sailed around Africa and claimed Brazil for Portugal |
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Term
| What were some of the effects of European interaction with various Native American groups? |
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Definition
| They were captured, slaughtered, mixed into many different cultures, inflicted with disease, conquered, and learned to trade. Their population decreased after European interaction with them. |
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Term
| Describe the Age of Absolutism |
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Definition
| A time period where many worldwide rulers become Absolute Monarchs believing in devine right, military support, heavy taxation, and limiting of people power. |
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Term
| Define an absolute Monarch |
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Definition
| A ruler who exerts complete authority over every aspect of life in their land. |
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Term
| What was the 30 Years War? |
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Definition
| The thirty years war was a religion and political conflict between Catholics and Protestants. It occurred when Ferdinand tried to suppress the Protestants in Bohemia and exert authority over the local nobles. He tried to roll back the reformation and the 1648 Peace of Westphalia was signed to end it. |
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Term
| How did the Age of Absolutism contribute to the Scientific Revolution? |
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Definition
| People questioned the proper basis for political powers and authority and began wondering bout previously accepted ideas. |
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Term
| Describe the Scientific Revolution |
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Definition
1.
The Scientific Revolution began after the Renaissance inspired curiosity where people began to question previously accepted ideas such as God and the natural world. It was a time of new inventions, discovery, ideas, and philosophies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Copernicus was an astronomer who believed that the stars, earth, and other planets revolved around the sun. He laid the first foundations for the heliocentric theory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Johannes Kepler studied the data of Tycho Brahe and mathematically proved that the planets revolved around the sun, or the heliocentric theory. He also discovered it was in an elliptical orbit and not a circle. |
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Term
| How did the Scientific Revolution contribute to the Enlightenment? |
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Definition
| The Scientific Revolution thinkers began using a scientific approach to other parts of the world and soon created a group of enlightened thinkers who became leaders of part of an intellectual and social movement called the enlightenment. |
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Term
| Describe the Enlightenment |
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Definition
| The Enlightenment was an intellectual and social movement that evolved out of the Scientific Revolution where reason was emphasized and it brought many reforms. It was the age of reason where Paris was the center. Many philosophies and philosophs were born out of this time period. |
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Term
| What were the effects of the 30 Years War? |
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Definition
| France won, Germany was split into 360 different states, and the Hapsburgs focused on unifying their state and expanding their lands. |
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Term
| Describe two of the theories of Baron de Montesquieu. |
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Definition
| Baron de Montesquieu believed that a government with a division with power is the best-governed society to prevent one person from gaining control of the separation of powers. This also reflects checks and balances that we now use in our constitution. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of having checks and balances? |
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Definition
| The purpose is so that no single power gains total control and to protect the liberties of people. |
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Term
| Describe the theories of John Locke. |
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Definition
| John Locke believed that people could learn from mistakes and experiences to improve their lives. He favored self-government. He also believed that the idea of the government’s power should come from the consent of the people or a democracy. He believed that people were born with 3 natural rights, the right to life, liberty, and property and if the government failed to protect any of these rights the people have the right to over them. |
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Term
| What are three natural rights of every human according to Locke? Where are these rights found? |
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Definition
| Locke thought that people were born free with the right to life, liberty, and property. These three rights are found in the Declaration of Independence. |
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Term
| What is an enlightened despot? |
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Definition
| An enlightened despot is the absolutist rule of an enlightened monarch. |
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Term
| What role did the Brisitsh Navy play in the rise of Great Britain as a global power? |
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Definition
| The British navy is the most powerful navy at this time; they controlled the seas and had a great economy due to great trade. |
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Term
| Why were the Americans angry with Great Britain? |
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Definition
| Great Britain was in debt due to the (French and Indian war) and began taxing the colonists in unfair acts to pay for a portion while they had no representation in the English government. |
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Term
| What are the 3 unalienable rights? |
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Definition
| The right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. |
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Term
| What was the Batle of Lexington? Saratoga? Yorktown? |
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Definition
| 3. Lexington was the first battle of the American Revolution. Saratoga was the battle where France decided to join the Americans due to their victory and became the turning point of the American Revolution. Yorktown was the last battle of the American Revolution in which Cornwallis’ troops surrendered. |
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Term
| Who was George Washington? Ben Franklin? Thomas Jefferson? The Marquis de Lafayette? George III? General Cornwallis? Thomas Paine? |
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Definition
| 1. George Washington was the Second Continental Congress selected as Commander-in-Chief and later became the first president of the United States. Ben Franklin was a member of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence. He was a delegate to France and negotiated an alliance with France and then the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolution. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. Marquis de Lafayette was a French aristocrat who commanded forces as a major general in the colonial army. George III was the King of England who caused the many grievances on the American colonists. General Cornwallis was the leader of the British troops and surrendered at Yorktown. Thomas Paine was the writer of “Common Sense” and the Crisis papers and became the leading propagandist of the American Revolution. |
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Term
| How did the American Revolution affect other countries workd wide? |
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Definition
| The American revolution sparked a craving for independence and revolutions that spread throughout the world. |
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Term
| Describe the French Revolution. |
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Definition
| The French Revolution began with an absolute monarchy, then came some changes which turned into radical changes. It consisted of a constitutional monarchy, the reign of terror, and napoleon’s rule. |
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Term
| Who made up the 1st estate? |
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Definition
| Clergy who did not have to pay taxes to the state. They enjoyed large amounts of wealth and privilege. They provided social services such as running schools, hospitals, and orphanages. |
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Term
| Who made up the Second Estate? |
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Definition
| Nobles who did not have to pay taxes. |
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Term
| Who was the third Estate? |
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Definition
| The Third Estate was the middle and lower where at the top of the Estate or Middle class was the bourgeoisie (the intellectual middle class that ends up leading the revolution) with prosperous bankers, merchants, and manufacturers but most were rural peasants. The poorest of the Estate were day laborers. This estate made up 98% of the population. |
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Term
| What was the Constitution of 1791? |
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Definition
| This established a limited monarchy and created a royal legislature. |
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Term
| What famous royal pair was executed at the guillotine? |
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Definition
| King Lois XVI and Marie Antoinette were the royal pair. |
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Term
| What was the Reign of Terror? |
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Definition
| The reign of terror was based around the invention of the guillotine. No one was safe and people constantly lived in fear. The beginning purpose was the hunt out enemies of the Revolution but led to random acts of violence. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a French revolutionary who mainly led the Reign of Terror. He hunted revolution enemies and was killed by his fellow revolutionaries. |
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Term
| How is the French revolution different from the American Revolution? |
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Definition
| America began with a monarchy and after the revolution ended in a democracy. France began with an absolute monarchy, then became a constitutional monarchy, and resulted in a republic. In America, the upper-class were the leaders of society but in France the upper class were the leaders of society and after the revolution the middle and lower classes were the new leaders of society. France had a reign of terror. |
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Term
| How did Napoleon seize power as the sole ruler of France? |
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Definition
| Napoleon first takes charge of the military and soon becomes the first consul be a plebiscite or a vote of the people of the French Republic and he gained power by a coup d’etat or a sudden seizure of power. |
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Term
| What was the Napoleonic Code? |
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Definition
| His code was a system of laws that eliminated some injustices and at the same time limited liberty. He gained the authority over individual rights and the freedom of speech and the press was restricted. They promised equality and were based on enlightenment principles. |
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Term
| What were Napoleon's political reforms? |
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Definition
| He brought his system of laws eliminating some injustices but also limiting liberty. He reduced the individual rights of freedom of press and speech. He provided the government with trained officials and ended government corruption. He gave land reforms, the Napoleonic code, and set up lycees. |
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Term
| What were some of Napoleon's economic reforms? |
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Definition
| He created an efficient tax collection system, established a national bank, controlled prices, and encouraged a new industry (loans). |
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Term
| What were some of Napoleon's social reforms? |
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Definition
| He took away women’s right to sell property and citizenship and restored slavery in the Caribbean colonies to break the sugar industry. |
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Term
| What were Napoleon's three big costly mistakes? |
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Definition
| His costly mistakes were the continental system of 1806 cutting off Britain from Europe’s trade but if also weakened the French economy, the Peninsula War that weakened the French empire, and the Invasion of Russia where many lives were lost. |
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Term
| What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna? |
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Definition
| They wanted to create a long lasting peace and a strong balance of power. |
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Term
| What was the Industrial Revolution? |
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Definition
| The Industrial Revolution was a period where industry was developed to improve people’s lives with the mass production of goods, ideas, technology, and inventions. |
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Term
| What role did farming play in the Industrial Revolution? |
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Definition
| It began in agriculture and farm machinery and made people go to factories rather than grow things and make things. |
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Term
| Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? |
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Definition
| The Industrial Revolution began in Britain. |
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Term
| Which 2 countries competed for domination of industry? |
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Definition
| Great Britain and the U.S. were the two competing countries. |
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Term
| Describe the working conditions for women and children? |
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Definition
| The working conditions were harsh with long hours and hard work. They were dangerous and risky with low pay. Most children and women went to work in factories. |
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Term
| How did the Industrial Revolution lead up to changes during the world at the turn of the century? |
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Definition
| The revolution created the beginning of cities and suburbs out of villages. People began to buy clothing, food, and other items instead of making them or growing them. Many new ideas evolved such as new inventions. Machines began to replace farmers producing more in less time. |
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Term
| What was the world like at the turn of the century? |
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Definition
| The turn of the century was an era in which there were advancements of transportation such as trains, automobiles, airplanes, etc. |
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Term
| What were the living conditinos of the poor during the turn of the century? |
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Definition
| They were harsh, overcrowded, cramped, with much unemployment and illness. There were high crime rates in poverty areas with slums or tenement houses. |
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Term
| What amendment gave American women the right to vote? |
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Definition
| The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote. |
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Term
| What were some of the major issues surrounding the American Civil War? |
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Definition
| Slavery and states rights versus federal powers were some issues surrounding the American Civil War. |
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Term
| What did the 13th Amendment guarentee? 14th? 15th? |
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Definition
| The 13th amendment prohibited slavery, the 14th gave due process clause to states and equal protection and the 15th gave all men the right to vote. |
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Term
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Definition
| The takeover of a country of territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people of that nation is imperialism. |
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Term
| How did the Industrial Revolution lead to imperialism? |
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Definition
| European nations developed strong nations, militaries, and economies with industrialization, which set them up for the age of imperialism. They needed raw materials and new markets. |
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Term
| What is Social Darwinism? How did this idea factor into imperialism? |
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Definition
| Social Darwinism is a social theory that encouraged the conquest and destruction of weaker races because it was “nature’s war of improving the human race”. It fit into imperialism because many countries believed that they needed to “help their little brothers” and it justified imperialism. |
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Term
| Which two African natinos remained independent during the era of Imperialism? |
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Definition
| Ethiopia and Liberia are independent. |
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Term
| What actions did Minelik II take to ensure the survival of Ethiopia? |
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Definition
| He had weapons built up from ivory, played the Europeans against each other, and hired Europeans to train his army. |
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Term
| What was the Sepoy Rebellion? |
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Definition
| 1. The Sepoy rebellion was a rebellion in India on May 10th, 1057 with Hindus and Muslims against the British rule there. Sepoys were angry that they had to tear off gun cartridges with beef of pork fat on them which was against their beliefs. In this rebellion, Sepoys marched to Delhi, Indian and finally modernized to end British rule. |
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Term
| What were the effects of the sepoy Rebellion? |
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Definition
| In result, India modernized to end British rule. The Raj where India is under Great Britain with much authority came. |
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Term
| Why was Iran a target for European powers? |
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Definition
| Iran had oil and this increased foreign interest. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. He was a commodore or high ranking soldier carried a letter from the U.S. president for Japan to open Japanese ports to diplomatic and commercial exchange with Americans. He helped create the Treaty of Kanagowa in 1854. This marked the beginning of Japanese modernization. |
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Term
| How is Japan before 1800. After? |
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Definition
| Japan was isolated, had a closed trade, and did no react with foreign powers very well compared to after the 1800s they opened up their ports and began to modernize and soon became very involved in the world. Then they became aggressive themselves and an imperialistic nation. |
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Term
| What was the Taping Rebellion? |
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Definition
| Miserable peasants rebelled against Hong Xiquon who wanted a kingdom of peace and equality of men and women. This is the most devastating peasant revolt that happened to occur in China where 20-30 million people died. |
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Term
| Where were some of the French colonies located? |
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Definition
| Some were in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. |
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Term
| Who was Queen Liliuokalani? |
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Definition
| She was the Hawaiian queen who was overthrown by American sugar planters and tried to end westernization on her country. |
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Term
| What was the Monroe Doctorine? |
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Definition
| James Monroe set this up declaring the American continents to not be considered objects for colonization by Europeans. |
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Term
| What interests did foreign powers have in Latin American countries? |
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Definition
| They wanted to control the trade, resources, and labor. |
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Term
| To what extent did Latin American nations benefit from imperialism? |
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Definition
| The cultures blended and they modernized. |
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Term
| What were the political effects of imperialism? |
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Definition
| There were changes in government and leadership and boundaries.. |
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Term
| What were the economic effects of imperialism? |
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Definition
| There was a boosted trade, new factories, the economy went up, and the profits went to the imperialistic nation. |
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Term
| What were the social effects of imperialism? |
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Definition
| Education and sanitation improved, there were most hospital buildings and telegraph lines built and ethnic strife spread. |
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