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| led Jews out of Egypt in the exodus |
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| founder of Christianity - according to the Christians he's the messiah |
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| Renaissance artist - painted Sistine Chapel and sculpted la Pieta and David |
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| most famous Christian humanist; wrote The Praise of Folly |
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| Renaissance playwright and writer of sonnets |
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| Muslims from Asia Minor - defeated Constantinople - renamed it Istanbul – traded coffee and ceramics – spread Islam to Middle East, North Africa, and Balkan Peninsula |
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| Renaissance artist - painted Mona Lisa and the Last Supper |
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| head of the Roman Catholic Church |
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| invented the printing press, helped Renaissance and Reformation ideas spread |
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| first to ever break away from Catholic Church, German monk, receive salvation through faith alone |
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| God predestines certain people to go to heaven |
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| Catholic order that proselytized for all over the world for Catholic church; leader: de Loyola |
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| combined Catholic and Protestant to come up with Anglican Church |
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| broke away from the Catholic Church so he could divorce his wife |
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| Catholic leader in France that changed the Thirty Years’ War from a religious to a political conflict |
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| Ruling family in Europe that supported the Catholic Church during the Reformation |
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| Portugal - brought people together to study navigation |
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| wanted to sail West around the world to get to Asia - landed in Caribbean -- thought he was in India |
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| his crew was first to circumnavigate the globe |
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| first Englishman to sail around the globe |
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| Spanish conquistador - conquered Aztecs |
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| Spanish conquistador - conquered Incas |
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| French explorer - claimed Canada for France |
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| Portuguese - first to find water route to Asia |
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| Muslims - Asia Minor - coffee and ceramics |
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| Africans - traded salt and gold |
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| kicked out foreigners and became isolationists |
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| set up trading enclaves for foreigners to trade in |
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| Native American civilization - Mexico - corn |
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| Native American civilization - Peru - Andes Mts. - roads and bridges |
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| Located in present-day Iran |
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| Mughal leader who built the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife |
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| Japanese shogun overthrown in the Meiji Restoration |
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| absolute monarch of France - brought great culture to France - also caused problems by doing away with the Edict of Nantes - built Versailles |
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| absolute ruler of Prussia |
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| an absolute ruler of Russia - he wanted to westernize Russia |
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| Polish - heliocentric theory - feared the church |
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| German - used math to prove that earth goes around the sun |
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| Italian - used telescope to prove Copernicus right |
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| English - blood circulates throughout the body |
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| English - developed calculus and the laws of gravity |
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| French - wrote Spirit of the Laws - believed in separation of power |
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| Austrian - great composer - began composing at age 5 |
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| French - believed in freedom of speech - separation of church and state |
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| French - Social Contract - government is only a contract and not that necessary |
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| English - used natural law to say that people meed an absolute monarch because they are naturally bad - wrote Leviathan |
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| English - used natural law - Two Treatises on Government - man has rights and is generally good - government to protect our rights - influenced Jefferson |
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| American - wrote Declaration of Independence |
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| second great composer of the Enlightenment |
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| French - painted Liberty Leading the People |
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| Spanish - novelist - wrote Don Quixote |
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| rulers of Eng. after Glorious Revolution - had less power than Parliament |
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| dictator of France - conquers Europe - spreads Code of Laws |
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| Austrian prince - Congress of Vienna - balance of power - kings in power |
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| king of England - wants to be absolute - executed after civil war |
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| Puritan - Led English Civil War - then became dictator |
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| French poor and middle class - began revolution at Bastille |
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| French absolute ruler - executed in Reign of Terror |
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| led slave revolt in Haiti - inspired by the French Revolution |
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| led revolutions all over Latin America |
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| advisor to king of Sardinia -= united N. Italy |
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| guerrilla warfare - united S. Italy with N. Italy |
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| Realpolitik - "blood and iron" - Prussian who created Germany |
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| "Merry Monarch" who reigned during the Restoration period after the English Civil War |
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| White people born in the Latin American colonies |
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| People of mixed American Indian and European ancestry |
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| Latin American colonial rulers; often former Conquistadors |
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| Priest who started the Mexican independence movement |
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| U.S. president who outlined the policy that Europe not take new colonies in the Western Hemisphere |
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| Cotton gin - clean cotton faster - need for slaves grows |
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| steam engine - work now done by machines instead of human power |
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| invented steel - now machines could be made stronger and resistant to fire |
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| capitalism and laissez-faire - Wealth of Nations - profits make people work |
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| made world's first vaccination - small pox |
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| discovered germs/bacteria |
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| used U.S. Navy to get Japan to open up to trade |
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| Socialism – helped write Communist Manifesto - proletariat to rise up and Revolt, also wrote Das Capital |
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| Socialism - co-wrote the Communist Manifesto |
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| prince of Austria-Hungary - assassinated - spark for WWI |
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| ruler of Russia in early 1900s - incompetent - overthrown |
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| radical socialists led by Lenin |
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| Russian socialist. wanted to spread socialism all over the world, led the Bolsheviks, New Economic Policy |
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| U.S. president WWI, wrote Fourteen Points |
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| totalitarian leader of Germany, wrote Mein Kampf |
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| totalitarian/Fascist leader of Italy |
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| totalitarian leader of Soviet Union, Five Year Plans, KGB, collective farms |
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| Japanese military minister |
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| Emperor of Japan during WWII |
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| U.S. president during WWII and at Yalta |
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| dropped atomic bomb on Japan – said US will lead fight against communism |
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| U.S. General - Pacific troops - rebuilt Japan - fought Korean War |
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| had plan to rebuild W. Europe after WWII - $13 billion |
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| U.S. General – in charge of D-Day – became U.S. president |
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| British PM – hated appeasement – at Yalta |
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| helped end the Cold War by building up US military |
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| helped end Cold War by letting his people see the West |
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| Communist dictator of Cuba - allowed USSR to put missiles there |
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| led nationalists in China - fled to Taiwan after losing |
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| led Communists in Vietnam |
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| led passive resistance against British in India |
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| led fight against British for independence of his country |
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| British Prime Minister and woman who supported free trade, less government regulation of business, and a close relationship with the US; asserted the UK’s military power |
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| Indian Prime Minister and woman who established a closer relationship with the Soviet Union during the Cold War; developed India's nuclear program |
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| Chinese Communist leader who maintained strict government control of the lives of the citizens while also allowing some privatization and free market policies in the economy |
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| Indian Prime Minister and close associate of Gandhi who supported Western style industrialization |
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| Led black South Africa's struggle against apartheid; became the first black president of the Republic of South Africa |
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| Israeli Prime Minister and woman who led Israel to victory in the Yom Kippur War and sought the support of the United States |
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| President of Egypt who nationalized the Suez Canal, established a relationship with the Soviet Union, and built the Aswan Dam |
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| led a genocide in Cambodia against the educated, artists, technicians, former government officials, monks, and minorities |
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