Term
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Definition
| humanlike creature that walked upright |
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Term
| Where did the earliest hominid live? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the earliest hominid live in Africa? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| East Africa; discovery of the oldest hominid (at that time); 1.8 million years ago |
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Term
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Definition
| Challenged that scientists assumed that earliest creatures used tools |
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Term
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Definition
| A new skeleton in Ethiopia |
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Term
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Definition
| Common ancestor for several types of early human life |
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Term
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Definition
| flourished in eastern and southern Africa |
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Term
| Why Lucy challenged the traditional idea? |
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Definition
| 1. 3.5 million years ago 2. small brain 3. no stone tools and artifacts 4. walk upright |
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Term
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Definition
| stood up free hands--->make and use tools--->large brains |
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Term
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Definition
| 2.5-1.6 million years ago |
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Term
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Definition
| hominid with larger brains; handy human; they may use stone tools. |
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Term
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Definition
| had arms and legs in modern human proportion |
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Term
| Homo erectus' achievement |
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Definition
| they were first to leave Africa |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid brain growth and mastered fire |
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Term
| Homo sapiens descended to? |
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Definition
| 1. Homo sapiens sapiens 2. Homo Neanderthals |
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Term
| Where were Neanderthal found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's Neanderthal's achievement? |
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Definition
| 1. they made their clothes from animal skins |
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Term
| What's Neanderthal's achievement? |
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Definition
| 2. they were first to bury their dead |
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Term
| what does the burial of dead indicate? |
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Definition
| It indicates a belief in an afterlife |
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Term
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Definition
| first to have an anatomy similar to people today |
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Term
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Definition
| africa 150000-200000 years ago |
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Term
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Definition
| spread out Africa 100000 years ago |
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Term
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Definition
| replaced earlier hominids in Europe and Asia |
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Term
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Definition
| a.k.a. replacement theory |
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Term
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Definition
| development of hominids occurred different locations in Africa. |
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Term
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Definition
| all humans belong to the same subgroup of human beings |
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Term
| How did hominids spread all over the world? |
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Definition
| They moved 2,3 miles each generation and they did the same thing for thousands years |
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Term
| The difference between history and prehistory |
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Definition
| History was written down but prehistory is before the stuffs were written down |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| scale models of these called globes to represent the Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| bulky and not very practical for use |
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Term
| what did people do to solve the problem above? |
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Definition
| Mapmakers ---->map projection |
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Term
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Definition
| flat, usually paper version of the real thing |
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Term
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Definition
| popilar type of map----most used for navigation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| northern hemisphere, southern hemisphere, eastern hemisphere, western hemisphere. |
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Term
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Definition
| the line divides northern and southern hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| vertical line divides the earth into 2 equal parts and run through North and South Poles |
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Term
| Something about meridians and equator |
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Definition
| many meridians but only one equator |
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Term
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Definition
| the line divides western and eastern hemispheres |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| passes Greenwich, England |
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Term
| The lines run left to right |
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Definition
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Term
| Line of latitude at the center of the map |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| line of longitude that divides the east and west |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| start at a point on equator and follow all way round--->360 degrees |
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Term
| hemisphere (half of the earth) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The degree marks on the equator represents the points where lines of longitude intersect |
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Term
| For points on the map that fall between gridlines |
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Definition
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Term
| aspects of the prehistory |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the revolution occurred in the Neolithic Age period of human history |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The real change in Neolithic Revolution |
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Definition
| the shift from the hunting animal and gathers food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis |
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Term
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Definition
| the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis |
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Term
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Definition
| for human use, source of meat and milk and wool, muscle power |
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Term
| An agricultural revolution |
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Definition
| growing crops and taming animals |
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Term
| When did systematic agriculture develop around the world |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| three crops that Mesoamericans grew |
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Definition
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Term
| Neolithic farming village |
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Definition
| the permanent settlements caused by growing crops on regular basis |
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Term
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Definition
| 32 acres, 6700 B.C.--5700 B.C. 6000 inhabits |
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Term
| how did people in Catalhuyuk enter their houses? |
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Definition
| from the holes in the rooftops |
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Term
| Neolithic Revolution effects 1 |
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Definition
| people settled in villages-->need to build walls for protection |
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Term
| Neolithic Revolution effects 2 |
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Definition
| storing surplus encouraged trade |
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Term
| the inequality cause by systematic agriculture |
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Definition
| men took more responsibility---->men became dominant role in society |
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Term
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Definition
| heating metal bearing rocks--->metal to liquid |
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Term
| How to use liquid metal to make weapons and tools? |
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Definition
| pure the liquid metal to molds and casts |
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Term
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Definition
| the first metal to be used in making tools |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| wide use of bronze 3000 B.C.--1200 B.C. |
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Term
| Neolithic Age following effects |
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Definition
| Neolithic Age sets the stage for major change to come mater farming---->more complex and wealthier societies |
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Term
| Some important crops' names |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the direct influence of agriculture? |
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Definition
| it provided people with steady food supply |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how did the earliest people survive? |
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Definition
| simple cultures + nomadic ife |
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Term
| the effect of settling in permanent villages |
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Definition
| It made cultures more complex |
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Term
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Definition
| complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements |
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Term
| six characteristics of civilizations |
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Definition
| cities, government, religion, social structure, art, writing |
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Term
| What did government offer to people? |
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Definition
| the smooth interaction between groups and individuals |
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Term
| What's government's responsibility? |
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Definition
| 1. organize armies to protect population 2. make laws to regulate subjects' lives |
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Term
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Definition
| explain the forces of nature and people's roles in the world |
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Term
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Definition
| what people did to win god's favors |
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Term
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Definition
| the person who supervises the rituals |
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Term
| The social structure of the earliest civilizations |
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Definition
| 1. upper class 2. free people 3. slave class |
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Term
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Definition
| urban population finished goods and then exchanged raw materials with neighboring population |
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Term
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Definition
| new civilization contacts with one another |
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Term
| the constitution of civilizations |
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Definition
| civilizations constitute noting less than a revolutionary stage in the growing of human society |
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Term
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Definition
| People wrote to keep the accurate records |
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Term
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Definition
| people wrote to create some creative expression----->world's first word of literature |
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Term
| Why did architects build temples and pyramids? |
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Definition
| 1. to worship & sacrifice 2. burial of kings or important people |
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Term
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Definition
| new revision bases on new evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| which believes that agriculture brings negative influences to people |
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Term
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Definition
| which believes that agriculture brings positive influences to people |
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Term
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Definition
| A professor works at UCLA School of Medicine. |
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Term
| traditional view of hunting and gathering |
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Definition
| this way of life is nasty, brutish, and short. Since no food is grown and little is stored, there is (in this view) no respite from the struggle that starts anew each day to find wild foods and avoid starving. |
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Term
| The traditional view of agriculture |
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Definition
| agriculture is an efficient way to get more food for less work |
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Term
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Definition
| It provides more protein and a better balance of other nutrients. |
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Term
| The negative influences brought by agriculture |
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Definition
| Malnutrition, starvation, epidemic diseases, and deep class divisions |
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Term
| Why do scientists infer that Africa is the origin of Hominids? |
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Definition
| Because most fossils of the earliest hominids were found there |
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Term
| Where did Australopithecus and Homo Erectus co-existed? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long did Australopithecus and Homo Erectus co-existed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Australopithecus extinct? |
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Definition
| Because Australopithecus and Homo Erectus may have many conflicts, but Homo Erectus survived in the competition. |
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Term
| Who was the first to leave Africa |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Homo Sapiens Sapiens spread all over the word? |
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Definition
| Because millions of years ago, land didn't separate into many parts therefore there must be some ways for HSS to migrate to other parts of world. |
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Term
| Why did Homo Erectus survive from the competition with Australopithecus |
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Definition
| Because Homo Erectus had larger brains therefore they had better tools |
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Term
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Definition
| Nature selects the spices which were best able to adopt to its environment and survive |
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Term
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Definition
| Africa--northwest-->Europe--east-->Asia--cross Beringia land bridge-->America |
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Term
| What does a thesis should contain? |
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Definition
| stance on a certain topic and reasons |
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Term
| The effect of Introduction |
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Definition
| opening statement ----> attracts readers to the paper |
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Term
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Definition
| The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by the Mediterranean region and almost completely enclosed by land |
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Term
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Definition
| The Persian Gulf is located in Western Asia between Iran (Persia) and the Arabian Peninsula. It is an extension of the Indian Ocean. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Arabian Sea is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the south by northeastern Somalia, on the east by India, and on the west by the Arabian Peninsula. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Bay of Bengal, the largest bay in the world, forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas |
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Term
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Definition
| The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Black Sea is a sea in south-eastern Europe. It is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean Seas and various straits. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Tigris River is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Euphrates is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Indus River is a major river in Asia which flows through Pakistan. It also has courses through western Tibet and northern India. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Ganges is a trans-boundary river of India and Bangladesh. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Yellow River is the second-longest river in Asia |
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Term
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Definition
| The Yangtze River known in China as the Chang Jiang, is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nile River is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| located in what is now southern Iraq. |
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Term
| Inventions such as written languages |
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Definition
| improved the quality of Mesopotamians' lives |
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Term
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Definition
| the valley between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. |
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Term
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Definition
| was at the eastern end of the Fertile Crescent |
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Term
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Definition
| an arc of land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. |
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Term
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Definition
| Civilizations depend on large permanent settlements |
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Term
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Definition
| can support a large population are ideal locations for such settlements |
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Term
| Mesopotamian civilization |
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Definition
| Assyria, Akkad, and Sumer. |
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Term
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Definition
| The creators of the first Mesopotamian civilization. |
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Term
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Definition
| A harsh climate and frequent famines convinces Mesopotamians that unreliable supernatural forces controlled this world |
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Term
| According to the belief of Mesopotamians |
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Definition
| Humans were supposed to obey and serve gods |
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Term
| According to the belief of Mesopotamians |
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Definition
| Humans were inferior to the gods and could never be sure what gods might do to or for them |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Independent cities around 3000 B.C. in Mesopotamia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The basic units of Sumerians civilization |
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Term
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Definition
| easily shaped by hand, were left to back in the hot sun until they were hard enough to use for building. |
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Term
| something about mud bricks |
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Definition
| mud bricks are still using in the rural areas of southwest asia today |
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Term
| The most prominent building in a Sumerian city |
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Definition
| was the temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess of the city |
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Term
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Definition
| atop a massive stepped tower |
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Term
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Definition
| a government by divine authority |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a lower melting point--->easier to cast harder, melted down and remade when it wore out |
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Term
| Three major groups of Sumerian city |
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Definition
| nobles, commoners and slaves |
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Term
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Definition
| The universal creative force |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmigration of the soul. Soul moves one body to another after death. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spiritual duty of each caste. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ritual worship in Hinduism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hindu belief of no violence. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Positive or negative energy created by action of this life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rigid social class based on spiritual purity. |
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Term
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Definition
| the first person who unified the whole ancient China. |
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Term
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Definition
| an upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed from one generation to another |
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Term
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Definition
| was known to the Chinese to as The First Teacher |
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Term
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Definition
| the system of Confucian ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of ideas based on teaching of Laozi |
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Term
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Definition
| proposed that human beings were evil by nature |
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Term
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Definition
| the highest mountains in the world |
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Term
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Definition
| an Indo-European language |
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Term
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Definition
| social groups that ranked people from high to low |
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