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| Time Period of Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War |
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| Who was involved in the Peloponessioan War? |
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| Where is Thucydides from? |
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| When was the Peloponnesian War? |
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| Who won the Peloponnesian War? |
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| What was Thucydides occupation? |
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| Why was Thucydides exiled from Athens? |
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failed as general
was supposed to prevent the loss of any important city to the Spartans |
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| Why was Thucydides exiled from Athens? |
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Definition
failed as general
was supposed to prevent the loss of any important city to the Spartans |
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| How is Thucydides different from Herodotus? |
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Definition
| Thucydides gathers information but only publicizes what he believes to be true. |
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| Did Thucydides come before or after Herodotus? |
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Definition
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| What did Thucydides after he was exiled from Athens? |
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| gather evidence and talk with participants |
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| How does Thucydides feel about this war? |
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Definition
| the greatest the Greeks have ever deen involved in |
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| _________ attributes no historical event to either the gods or to fate |
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| According to Thucydides, history helps explain ______ . |
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| the way things happpen (does not necessarily prevent them) |
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| According to Thucydidesm, what marked the end of Athenian power? |
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Definition
| failed attempt to conquer Sicily |
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Term
| What is the Funeral Oration? |
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Definition
| mentioned in Thucydides' history |
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| What was the purpose of theFuneral Oration? |
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Definition
| to make the audience believe that sacrifices are wothwhile |
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| Who delivered the Funeral Oration? |
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Definition
Pericles
over the casualties of the war |
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| What'sanother name for Spartans? |
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| Who was Melo9s allied with? |
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| What was the Melian Controversy |
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Definition
| gives the Athenians reason to attack Melos |
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| What city was already under Spartan control when Thucydides arrived? which led to his exile. |
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| When did Thucydides' narrative end? |
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| Who was the first historian who seemed to attempt to be completely objective? |
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| When did Xenophon grow up? |
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Definition
during the Peloponessian wars
witnessed Athens defeat |
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| What did Xenophon blame Athens' defeat on? |
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Definition
| weakness of Athens' democratic system |
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| What two groups did Xenophon fight for? |
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| All of Xenophon's books give praise to ________. |
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| Did Xenophon always tell the truth? |
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| No, Xenophon did not avoid ommiting or changing facts that were not in support with his theories. |
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| Who often presented Socrates as a noble man? |
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| Who was a disciple of Socrates before leaving Athens to join the Greek force that was in the service of Cyris the Younger of Persia? |
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| leading thinker of the Roman empire |
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| Time Period of Plutarch, Numa the Lawgiver |
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| Who wrote Numa the Lawgiver? |
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Definition
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| Plutarch was succesor to ___________. |
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| What does lawgiver mean in the time of Numa? |
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| auhor of a new set of laws |
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| What race ele ted Numa into office? Why? |
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| Romans, because the ewould show elected would show affection to both sides as constituents and kinsmen. |
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| Who are Proculus and Venesus? |
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Definition
| the two supposed candidate to success Rimulus; they convinced Numa to take the throne |
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the male personification of the god of the Roman state
later identified with Romulus |
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| What religious office was ascribed unto Numa? |
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| Pontifex Maximus, chief priest |
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| What were some of Numa's great accomplishments? |
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Definition
-developed a calendar
-brought the Sabines and the Romans together
-forbid fatheres from selling their children
-marked the boundaries of Rome
-created Vesta and Regia |
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| succeded Numa, derided his virtues,diverted the minds of the people to war |
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| Time Period of Titus Livy, Heroes of the Early Republic |
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| Significance of Titus Livy |
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Definition
-immense influence
-insoired Machiaveli with his portrayal of Cinncinatus
-"HOratio at the Bridge" served as a model of fearlessness into the 20th century
-Thomas Jefferson valued Livy's work over Plato |
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| What did Livy's story of Tarquin and Lucretia do? |
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| articulated the Roman aversion to kings and the need for government withoutb them |
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| Lucretia was raped by the king's son Tarquin. afterwards she called her husband and father and their friends to tell them what happened. she made them swear to get revenge on Tarquin. then she killed herself. |
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| Why was Polybius sent to Rome? |
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Definition
| because of his prominence as a calvary general and embassador to Egypt, he was sent as one of the hostages to ensure good behavior of the Greek leaders in Rome |
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| What did Polybius do in reponse to the large gap in Roman history? |
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Definition
| filled it in with Greek history |
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| According to Polybius, why is Rome the best? |
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Definition
| didn't organize the government according to one type, but rather tried to combine all the good features of the best constitutions |
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| ______ belives Natural Law is superior than man-made law. |
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| Time Period of Procopius' HIstory of the Wars |
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| details the campaigns of the Sasanian Shah Kavadh I, the 'Nika' revolt in Constantinople in 532, the war by Kavadh's successor, Khosrau I, in 540 and his destruction of Antioch and the transportation of its inhabitants to Mesopotamia, and the great plague that devastated Constantinople in 542 |
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| most influential philosopher since Confucius |
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advocated the government should be led
by a ruler with the consent of the ruled |
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| believeed the people should have the right to dethrone an unworthy jevil ruler |
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| Mencius believed the sovereignty was the most important element in a state and the people wwere of the slightest importance. |
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| False, swith the people and sovereignty |
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| Time Period of the Tang Dynasty |
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| What dynasty was Emperor Taizong part of? |
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| What dynasty wa overthrown by the Tang dynasty? |
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| 2nd emperor of the Tang Dynasty |
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| believes differences in opinion should not result in personal antagonism |
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| believes personal consideration should not be put above the well being of the multitude |
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| imperial examination system |
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Definition
| used by the CHinese to reqruit members of its bureacracy through the general populace |
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| when did the imperial examination system start |
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Definition
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| chinese women did this to achieve the standard of beauty |
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| At what age did girls usually began the footbinding process? |
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| How do you say "from the founding of the city" in Latin? |
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| What year is the Roman year 0? |
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| Where did commonly use the names of the consuls to designate specific years? |
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| a few of the most prominent citizens rule |
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| eptymology of aristocracy |
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| the Greek aristokratia, meaning "rule of the best". |
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| all the rights and duties associated with the status of Roman citizenship |
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| based on customs and traditions |
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| Who created the codified law? |
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| What year did Rome get its first emperor? |
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Latin: res publicae
affairs of the people |
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| a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties |
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| considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number |
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Put in chronilogical order.
Empire
Republic
Monaarch |
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Definition
1. Monarch
2. Republic
3. Emoire |
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| Rome was ruled by the Senate with two cheif magistrates called consuls |
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| series of seven kings ruling over Rome |
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| Why was Rome a good location to build a city? |
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| Tiber River, where the flood plain becomes narrow for trade routes and good defense |
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| For each clas, specific career and public service opportunities were provided. For senators, these included the cheif magistracies and military posts; for the equites (members of the Equestrian class), they included a career in civil or military service of the emperor; for the lower classes, there were limited to private or junior rank in the army. Classes, however, were not closed, and acension from one to another was quite possible. |
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citizen/soldier/farmer
-ex: Ciccinatus
Cincinnatus was tending his farm when a messenger arrived, telling him that Rome was under attack and that he had been elected dictator. He was at first reluctant to go, but the Senate pleaded with him. He defeated the enemy tribe within a matter of weeks and, despite there remaining most of his six-month term as dictator with absolute power, returned to his farm. |
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Term
| When was and who executed Paul of Tarsus? |
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Definition
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| Significance of Paul of Tarsus |
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Definition
had a lot to do with making Christianity a universal language
-Paul set the tone for Christianity, including emphasis on celibacy and theory of divine grace and salvation, as well as eliminating the circumcision requirement. It was Paul who called the New Testament euangelion, 'the gospel' |
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Definition
| represent the consonantal value of a syllable while ignoring the vocalic element. |
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| Cretan pictographic writing |
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Definition
This system of writing developed on the island of Crete and in continental Greece in the Bronze Age. It represented the famous Cretan & Mycenaean cultures of the East Mediterranean, which preceded the culture of classical Greece.
-The pictograms (or hieroglyphs) were used in the Middle Minoan period of the history of Crete (2100 - 1700 BC) and are divided into two variants - Early, used mainly on seals, and Late, which is met in inscriptions on tablets. |
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| official script for the palaces and cults and Cretan Hieroglyphs were mainly used on seals |
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| Beginning in 1420 BC, the Minoan civilization was overrun by the Mycenean civilization from mainland Greece. The oldest samples of writing in the Greek language is the Linear B archive from Knossos, dated approximately to 1425-1375 BC. |
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| Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately the 27th century BC to the 15th century BC. |
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| The palace of Knossos was a multi-storied building, spanning five and a half acres of land, and housed not only the King of the Minoan State, but also his advisors, his trade goods, and several craftspeople. In addition, the palace held within its walls a central court yard, numerous rooms and corridors, a throne room, large baths, a large courtyard, enormous storerooms, some craft workshops, the administrative chambers, and an intricate plumbing system. |
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In Greek mythology, Minos (Greek: Μίνως) was a king of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in Hades. The Minoan civilization of pre-Hellene Crete has been named after him. By his wife, Pasiphaë, he fathered Ariadne, Androgeus, Deucalion, Phaedra, Glaucus, Catreus, Acacallis, and many others.
Minos, along with his brothers, Rhadamanthys and Sarpedon, was raised by king Asterion (or Asterius) of Crete. When Asterion died, his throne was claimed by Minos[1] who banished Sarpedon and (according to some sources) Rhadamanthys too. |
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| a British archaeologist most famous for unearthing the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete and for developing the concept of Minoan civilization from the structures and artifacts found there and elsewhere throughout eastern Mediterranean. Evans was the first to define Cretan scripts Linear A and Linear B, as well as an earlier pictographic writing. |
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| While visiting in Athens, King Minos' son, Androgeus "breeder of men", managed to defeat Aegeus in every contest during the Panathenaic Games. Out of jealousy, Aegeus sent him to conquer the Marathonian Bull, which killed him.[4] Minos was angry and declared war on Athens. He offered the Athenians peace, however, under the condition that Athens would send seven young men and seven young women every nine years to Crete to be fed to the Minotaur, a vicious monster. This continued until Theseus killed the Minotaur with the help of Ariadne, Minos' daughter. |
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| the name of an excavation site of a Minoan Bronze Age settlement on the Greek island of Santorini, associated with the Minoan civilization due to inscriptions in Linear A, and close similarities in artifact and fresco styles[1]. The excavation is named for a modern Greek village situated on a hill nearby. |
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| prehistoric religious practice that originated in the eastern Aegean Sea and extended from the Indus Valley of Pakistan to the Danube River in eastern Europe. The bull god’s symbol was the phallus, and in the east the bull often was depicted as the partner of the great goddess of fertility and thereby represented the virile principle of generation and invincible force. Numerous pictorial and plastic representations of the bull have been uncovered, many designed to be worn as a charm or amulet; these representations were probably copies of larger statues constructed in tribal sanctuaries. The bull cult continued into historic times and was particularly important in the Indus Valley and on the Grecian island of Crete. In both places the bull’s “horns of consecration” were an important religious symbol. |
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| is the term for a symmetrical doubleheaded axe, known to the Classical Greeks as pelekus (πέλεκυς) or sagaris, and to the Romans as a bipennis |
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| significance of a double headed axe in Minan civilization |
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| sacrifices would likely have been of bulls. The labrys symbol has been found widely in the Bronze Age archaeological recovery at the Palace of Knossos on Crete.[9] According to archaeological finds on Crete this double-axe was used specifically by Minoan priestesses for ceremonial uses. Of all the Minoan religious symbols, the axe was the holiest. To find such an axe in the hands of a Minoan woman would suggest strongly that she held a powerful position within the Minoan culture. |
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