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| writing that flies thorugh air, mail/ flyers |
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| Luther's question on how he can be bette to god, constantly trying to be the best that he can be |
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| comes and sells indulgences in Wittenburg and makes martin luther questions all the beliefs of indulgences |
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| town where luther went to study, 95 theses |
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| only faith/ one only need faith (not the scariments) |
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| pay money to buy the good deeds of jesus, attacked germany |
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| Jesus and Aposcles good deeds given to the people |
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| bishop of luthers and other diosceses takes out loan from fuggars, sells indulgences to pay off debt, hires tetzell |
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| prince of saxony, conservative views |
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| 1519 Luther vs john eck, showed luther that he was not improving the church but going against, showed that he was a heretic |
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| christian debater, debates with luther |
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| 1415 counsel of constant, exocommunicated him church was in bas times, had luther's ideas before luther |
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| believed that laypeople should be able to read bible in their own language, 1300 died of heart attack, burned body |
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| deeply believing catholic, externam liveral worship and superstition, what would jesus do? |
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| pray to god for jesus directly, external worship, liberal catholic |
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| rightesousness/justification |
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| thesis=statement of argument, written in latin, written for the education of the clergy members and bishop, showed what luther believed was wrong with the church |
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| desire to be forgiven for sins/ repent for sins |
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| desire to be forgiven for sins/ repent for sins |
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| known primarily for the sale of indulgences to reconstruct st peter's basilica and his challenging of martin luther's 95 theses |
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| invented printing press, good for luther to spread his word |
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| 1520 evidence that he was breaking away from the church, 3 arguments of faith |
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| a decree issued by the holy roman emperor charles V banning the writings of martin luther and labeling him a heretic and enemy of the state |
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| a series of formal questions put, as to political candidates, to bring out their views |
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| between protestants and catholics, because of luther's theology, first inter-christian war |
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| "as the ruler, so the religion" ended religious war, let ruler choose religion |
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| the changing of the elements of bread and wine, when they are consecrated in the eucharist, into the body and blood of christ |
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| the scarament of holy communion |
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| peasants rebel against church due to misunderstanding of faith only |
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| luther faces trial in germany |
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| nomadic tribesmen, shifted to urban culture in Mecca before islam emerged, fought with other tribes often |
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| groups of people who travel from one trade city to another for occupation, Muhammad |
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| on oasis town, brought people for trade, grew into cosmopolitan trade center, the religious cite for islamic religion, first for bedouin tribed |
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| "cube" where the black stone of mecca is, pilgrimage site for islam |
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| thougth to have fallen from the sky, brought to mecca as a prized item |
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| belief that there are sprits in inatamate objects |
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| trade town north of meccs, muhammad fled when forced to flee mecca, where muhammad built up army and islamic religion |
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| the migration of muhammad and his followers to the city of medina |
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| the monothesitic religion following one god, allah, started with mohammad |
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| a religion believing in one god |
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| the reigious worship of idols |
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| written by mohammad's followers, guide on how to live muslim life, gods words to mohammad, 21 years to be revealed |
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| words and deeds of muhammad as he said |
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| mystics, direct contact with god |
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| muslim religious scholars, usually specialists in holy law |
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1.one god-allah
2.pray 5x a day facing mecca
3.fast during ramadan
4.pilgrimage to mecca (hajj)
5. give alms to poor |
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| peoples obligation to islam to help less fortunate |
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-the ninth month of the islamic calendar
-muslims refian from eating, drinking, sex from dawn until sunset
-teach muslims about patience humilty, and spiritualty |
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| someone who is spoken to by got to fufill a certain duty un the name of that god |
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| house of islam, part where islam is main religion |
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| house of war, part of world without islam |
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personal-internal struggle
communal-nest muslim society possible
holy war- only fight once already attacked |
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| brother in law, won elections sunni |
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| abu bakr, ali, omar, uthaman |
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| community stole from caravans and hained many members. Mohammad has one, sharia created umma |
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| leading a good muslim life |
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| words and saying of mohammad supported by chain of evidence after life |
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| to go against church documents |
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| charging interest on a loan |
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| middle ages, based on holding land in feifs |
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| witches practices at night, to keep away spirits |
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| geo-centric system, based on earth in center |
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| people who do good, italian peasants |
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| belief in many gods and mystical powers |
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| peasant ritual, common, enforce social norm, bullying |
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| a journey especially a long one, made to scared places and holy relics |
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| objects people travel to, supposedly have special powers, way for church to make money |
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| pilgrimages, going out and worshiping, out loud |
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allows you to go to heaven, sin of adam and eve
baptism, confession, confirmation, last rites, marriage, communion, holy orders |
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| everyone is born with sin |
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| scarament of holy communion, bread and wine |
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| to be cutt off from communion from church, kick out of christian church |
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| did not leave monistary, devote life to religion, speack in church |
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| go out in the community to speak god's word |
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| debated as real crusade, teenagers ent on crusade, promised children to walk through mediterranean |
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| ordered ships from venitans and got stuck with not enough money, took over christian city |
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| only successful crusadem took over the holy land of jerusalem, help of constantinople |
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| land given to crusaders after capture |
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| group of muslim, which christians fought in constantinople |
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| emperor of the byzantine empire |
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| calls for crusade, motivates people by for god |
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| byzantines try to attack seljuk turks and are suddenly defeated |
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| forgiving all sins becayse you have lived a noble life, given by church |
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