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| Military Industrial Complex |
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| emperor with the largest empire |
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| What did Caesar put up in the Temple of Venus Genetrix that caused a scandal? |
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| A golden statue of Cleopatra |
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| Under which emperor did the blood baths occur? |
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| What was significant about the child buried in the Roman cemetry? |
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| Earliest genetic evidence of malaria |
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| What was Nero blamed for? |
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| Who was blamed in times of crisis? |
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| What is one of Pliny's remedies used today? |
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| According to the article, why did Nero persecute Christians? |
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| What was the relationship of Ptolemy VIII to Cleopatra? |
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| What was one important right of all Roman Citizens, even Christians? |
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| What was the name of Pliny's collection of works? |
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| Name three factors that make the Rome unique. |
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-Have surrounding land to support the development of the polis.
-Being halfway of coast
-Advantage of hills
-Love politics |
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| Who founded Rome based on Roman myths? |
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| What school of philospohy did Romans adhere to? |
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| What did the Plebeians do to gain power? Why was it effective? |
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| -Sit-in. it was effective because they were the workers and the army of Rome. |
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| Name 3 factors that contributed to Rome's military success. |
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-Legion-military organization
-disciplined army
-Camps are fortified
-Paid soldiers
-Never accepted defeat
-Stern discipline
-supplied w/ arms |
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| What military characteristic was exemplified in the 1st Carthaginian War? |
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| What is another name for the Carthaginian Wars? |
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| What were the limitations put on Carthage after their defeat? |
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-Most of their land was taken away
-Their navy was limited to ten ships
-The couldn't go to war without Rome's consent |
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| Why did the 3rd Cathaginian War happen? |
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| Rome kept poking at Carthage |
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| What were some internal problems in Rome before the reform movement? |
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-Less loyal to state
-Issues in controlling outer provinces
-Differences between patricians and plebians increasing
-Roman allies are questioning relationship with Rome
-Economic issues |
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| What was a flaw in the techniques that farmers used to transport goods? |
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-Horses with harness around neck not chest
-One axle wagon |
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| Who were the 5 "good" emperors? |
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| Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius, Marcus Aurelius |
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| Who inherited Caesar's rule? |
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| What elements of reform did the Gracchus brothers wish to instate? |
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| They wanted to keep Stoic values and redistribute the land. |
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| What are 3 of the accomplishments of the 1st Triumverate? |
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-Try to lessen the differenc between inhabitants of Rome and the provinces
-Abolish political clubs in Rome
-Increase number of the elected officials
-Introduce new calendar
-Try to heal the senate |
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| Who were the 1st Triumverate? |
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| Pompey, Julius Caesar, and Crassus |
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| How did Julius Caesar die? Why? |
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| He was stabbed by senators because they though he wanted to be King. |
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| Latin communities rebelled against Rome |
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| What were the differences between Greek and Latin languages? |
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| Greek is more subtle and abstract. Latin is concrete and absolute |
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| What are characteristics of Roman architecture? What is one example? |
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-Solid, impressive
-Pantheon or the Roman Arch |
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| What are two reforms that Diocletian put in place to minimize rebellion? |
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-Seperate military and civil authority
-More, smaller provinces
-Introduced co-emperor |
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| What was the appeal Christianity to the Romans? Give 3 examples. |
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| -Hero who suffers as men suffer -Fight between good and evil -Dies and is resurrected -To be saved, yhou have to participate in rituals to be saved from sin and morality |
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| Why were Jews respected in Rome? |
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-Established
-Local autonomy |
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| Name 4 groups of Barbarians around the Roman empire. |
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| -Franks, Scots, Picts, Huns, Angles, Saxons, Burgundians, Goths, Vandals |
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| Explain one issue that divided Christians. |
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-Trinity
-Divinity of Christ |
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| What were two important developments the Huns made with horses. |
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| Why did the Roman Army go into decline? |
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-People can't join b/c they are serfs
-Apathetic
-Economic depression
-Population decline |
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| What led to the development of castles? |
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| People started abandoning the polis for safety and security |
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| Why did the Eastern Roman Empire survive? |
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-Geography-mountains
-Economic prosperity-still trading
-Christianity is associated with the gov't |
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| Christianity becomes official religion |
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| Greatest of Carthaginian generals, 2nd Punic War |
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| Why were Christians regarded as dangerous and subversive as presented from time to time? |
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| Because they wouldn't submit to Roman authority |
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| Why were Christians an easy target for scapegoating? |
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-Practiced cannibalism
-Incest: loving their "brothers and sisters"
-Hated humanity: withdre from normal social life |
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| In what way were the Christians persecuted for their beliefs? |
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-Dressed in wild animal skins
-Torn by dogs
-Crucified |
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| Why was Pliny's encyclopedia so well-known? |
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| it was almost the first encyclopedia and a bit accurate |
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| Give two examples of Pliny's inaccurate theories. |
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-Dog-headed people
-Corpses grow fingernails and hair
-Porcupines shooting quills
-lion with face of man |
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| Which versions of Cleopatra did Plutarch include in his writing? |
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-Egyptian: messiah sent to liberate the east
-Roman: Scheming, sexually rapacious, drunken harlot, wicked |
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| What two children seized the throne from Ptolemy while he was in Rome? |
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| How old was Cleopatra when her father died and left her the kingdom? |
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| According to speculation, how did Cleopatra present herself to Caesar? |
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| She rolled herself in bedding and had herself delivered to him as merchandise |
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| What did 17th century French atuhor Blaise say about Cleopatra's nose? |
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| If her nose had been shorter, the whole face of the world could have been changed. |
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| What object brought up the questioning of Cleopatra's look? |
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| A coin issued by Cleopatra in the British museum with her profile on it |
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| What was the subject Cleopatra wrote her book on, and what was an unusual ingredient? |
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| What was the influential group that stimulated Rome's growth? |
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| What are four factors that contributed to the region that Rome develops? |
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Trade
Language
Religion
Population Density |
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| What is is called when industrial production is directed towards military goods and expansion? |
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| Military industrial complex |
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| What were two political groups in early Roman government and what political bodies did they dominate? |
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Plebeians-Assembly
Patricians-Senate |
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| What was the role of Tribunes and what was their significance? |
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| To represent views and opinions of Plebeians, anyone who killed a Tribune would be immediately killed |
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| What were two ways Rome kept control of her large empire? |
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| Strategic settlements, allowed local autonomy, controlled all foreign affairs, defeated her greatest enemy |
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| How did Rome win the 2nd Punic war? |
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| Fabian tactics under General Fabius |
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| Rome could lose the battle but they could never lose ____ |
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| What was the primary function of Proconsuls? |
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| Provide secturity to provinces with minimal cost to Rome |
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| What is the problem with using city-states to control an empire? |
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| rural districts are disenfranchised |
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| Give two reasons why trade by land was inefficeint in the Roman empire. |
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| Poor roads, one-wheeled wagons |
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| Who made up the 1st Triumverate? The Second? |
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-Pompey, Crassus, Caesar
-Marc Antony, Ocravius, Lepidus |
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| Where does the expression "crossing the Rubicon" come from? |
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| When Caesar decided to actively break Roman law and bring his army into Rome |
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| What were two of Caesar's titles? |
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| Imperator, Dictator for life, power of tribune, consul |
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| What was Cleopatra's gift to Caesar when he arrived in Egypt? What was his reaction? Why? |
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-Head of Pompey
-Disappointed
-He didn't want to owe Egypt anything and he wanted to kill Pompey himself |
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| What triggered Caesar's assassination |
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| Caesar requested another title, "King of Provinces"-"King"=___ |
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| What were Caesar's dying words? |
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| Et tu Brute, And you Brutus |
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| What is another name for Octavius? |
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| What do many historians believe to be the flaw that eventually takes down the Roman Empire? |
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| What two contributions did Paul make that make Christianity more attractive to the Roman people? |
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-Could become Christian even if not Jewish
-Gave Christianity intellectual depth |
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| What art form made a longlasting visual statement to Rome's power? |
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| What was the dominant language of the West under the Roman Empire and why did it become so? |
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-Latin
-Stable, solid, and absolute |
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| Which Roman writer is in Dante's "Divine Comedy"? |
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| What is the origin of the phrase "going to court"? |
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| Emperor would sit in the courtyard of his house and any citizen could go to him to clarify a legal question |
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| What kinds of commodities were traded in Rome during the 2nd century Roman Empire? |
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| Belief that people don't need government and that man is capable of self-governing |
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| Who was Ptolemy and what was his mistake in regards to the organization of the universe |
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| Astronomer, Geo-centric world |
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| What is the struture of the church from lowest to highest? |
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| Mass of believers, teachers, elders, bishops |
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| Describe mathematically the crisis over the Trinity. |
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| What document came out of the meeting Constatnine organized in Nicaea? |
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| What is modern-day Constantinople? |
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| Name two major rivers that served as borders for the Roman Empire. |
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| Rhine River and the Danube |
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| Hadrian's Wall was built to protect the empire from which two barbarian groups? |
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| What is the differenc between a slave and a serf? |
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-Slave-bound to owner
-Serf-bound to land |
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| In which half of the Roman Empire were citizens able to question their gov't? |
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| What was the downside of being a mayor in the Roman Empire? |
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| Held personally responisible for taxes of people, eternally bound to position |
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| Where did the Huns originate? |
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| Why were the Huns so effective? |
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| Superb horsepeople, developed stirrup and horseshoes |
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| What were the two groups of Goths and where did they settle? |
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East-Ostrogoths
West-Visigoths |
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| Name three barbarian forces that contributed to the fall of the Roman empire. |
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| Who was a key leader for the Huns? |
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| Name one possible reason Attila did not sack Rome. |
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Pope and his army
Pope surrendered wealth
Huns intimidated by catapulted heads
Rome infected with malaria |
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| What happened in 476 AD and why was it significant? |
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| Odovacar invades Rome and throws out symbols of the IMperial gov't, marks the end of the Western Roman Empire |
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| What is a possible way ceramics took down the Roman Empire? |
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| Water served in lead containers to high class Romans, lead poisoning |
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| Mythological creators of Rome |
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| First group ot invade Rome in 800 years |
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| Why did new agricultural techniques spread out during the 1st Century Roman Empire? |
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| List 3 writers in the 1st Century Roman Empire and their works |
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Livy-History of Rome
Virgil-The Aeneid (founding of Rome)
Dante-The Divine Comedies |
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| Major Language-what did it fix |
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| Latin-fixed grammar added words |
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| Why did leadership become a big issue in Rome? |
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| Roman gov't sent proconsuls and proprietors to Roman colonies to govern them, came back to Rome-nothing left |
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| What was the cause of the small crisis for the small farmers? What did the failed farmer lose and why is it related to business? |
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Definition
-Transportation
-Citizenship; Businesses want more involvement in politics |
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| What did Gracchus brothers do in order to decrease rich/poor gap? What group of people were disadvantaged? What group of people benefitted? |
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-Redistribution of land
-Upper Class
-Common citizen |
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| What are the two political parties in Rome? |
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Definition
-Optimates: Patricians
-Populares: plebeians |
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| What are the three thing Sulla did when he came into power? |
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-Increased the size of the Senate
-Restricted power of assembly
-Limited the power of the Tribunes |
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| Who did Marc Antony marry in 36 BC even though he was already married? |
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| Name the two Gaul groups. |
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-Cisalpine Gauls
-Transalpine Gauls |
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| Who are the two main gods of Egypt? |
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| In Christianity, how did people achieve salvation? |
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| What are 3 characteristics that contributed to the growth of Christianity? |
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-missionary religion -organized -intellectually respectable |
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| What is the Edict of Toleration? |
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| Not going to persecute Christians |
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| What title did the senate give to Augustus? |
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| From Augustus's new political system, from whom can the emperor select his successor? |
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| Natural or addopted family |
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| When hadrian strengthened the fortifications along a line, which 2 rivers did the line connect? |
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| What is the meaning of Paster Patrae? |
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| Why was immorality problematic? |
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-Increase in irresponsiblity
-Increase in selfishness |
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| What guided religion during the Roman Empire? Was the religion personal or impersonal? |
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| What did Hannibal bring to conquer Rome? |
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| What was Rome's greatest rival? |
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| What are 4 emerging problems in the 3rd century? |
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Definition
-Self-sufficient areas
-Caste system
-Dominating group
-Army loyal to mil. commander
-Stressed society
-Polis abandonment |
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Definition
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| How did the Plebeians show they were angry? |
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| -Sit down strikes, rebelled, very successful |
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| Who helped defend Rome when the Huns attacked? |
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| Give 4 reasons the Eastern Empire survived. |
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Definition
-Hard for Barbarians to enter
-Geographical barriers
-Better commerce and trade
-Christianity is a part of the gov't |
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| What did Emperor Tiberius think that Christianity would do for the Jews? |
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| How did Cleopatra kill herself? |
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| What set of laws did the 2nd century Roman laws resemble? |
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| Hammurabi's code (think justice is to be equal) |
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