Donald Johanson

Australopithecus afarensis

best known prehistoric indicidual

4.5 billion years ago

Hadar, Ethiopia

southern dwelling ape

4.5 billion years ago

first to walk upright

started in beolithic era

depended on bounty of nature: sometimes resulted in drought, famine, disease, floods, and extreme temperatures

sought a way to ensure themselves of a regular food supply

woman most likely started the systematic care of plants

men stalked and captured animals/domesticated

features of civilization

cats can crawl anywhere with just some pretty treacherous claws

cities

complext religion

centralized government

art and architecture

writing

job specialization

social classes

public works

technology

cultural diffusion

feature of civilization

major settlements of 20,000 + inhabitants with specific areas for residence, worship, government activity, and defenses

FOC

evidence of special places, rituals, special words, prayers, designated leadership, named gods and donations

foc

evidence that someone or some group was in charge of the ocmmunity directed public efforts and collected tribute taxes from iniciduals which is later distributed on behalf of the community

FOC

evidence of artifacts created for their appearance specially created for their appearance/beauty or usefulness in rituals. also evidence of specialized construction styles, of buildings of monumental size, or of buildings created to serve a special purpose

FOC

evidence of pictographs, ideograms, or a written symbolic language--either on aper or in stone or in clay

FOC

evidence that individuals were farmers, specialized in a crafy or as merchants, may include evidence of specialty items like jewelry

FOC

evidence that some people had more power or prestige in the community; large and small houses, jewelry, more or less accumulated goods, houses close to the city center versus far awa

FOC

evidence of large scale constructions requiring combined group effort and of sufficient complexity as to require leadership; city defenses, agricultural endeavors like irrigation ditches, or communal buildings.

FOC

evidence of specialized production skills for use in the community in business, construction, or art

FOC

evidence of contact with distant peoples either through warfar, trade, or exchange of ideas

huang he(yellow river)-->most prosperous region of chinese civilization, flooded a lot, good siol, transportation "China's Sorrow"

Yangzi River (Chang Jiang)-->used for agriculture and transportation

Lex Talionis-Law is the rule, an eye for an eye, fair

Hammurabi

Code of Hammurabi

Rome's 12 tables

were such a threat in the year 12oo with iron' ramses ii made a pact with them (oldest treat) so they would not attack them

hittites died of small pox

the wheel

attacked and ruled egypt for 150 years, didnt change much

were able to attack egypt because had horses and horse drawn chariots the wheel and broze weapontry

who cut holofernes head off which was a major reason why the israelites won againts the assyrians

the great step pyramid at saqqara

built by king djoser

body washed and good smelling

liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines are taken out and put in canopic jars

brain is pulled out through the nose

body is covered and stuff with natron for 40 days

body is washed again and covered with oil

stuffed with sawdust and covered with oil again

wrapped with linen and placed with the book of the dead

then body is put into coffin and then another sarcophagus

you can come back and live in your name, body, or pictures

heaven-happy field of food

hell-crocodile shaped eater of the dead

north-mediterranean sea

east and west-red land (desert) libyan and sahara

south-cataracts

kingdom of kush

lived next to the nile from aswan to khartoum in the south

are enemies with egypt

conquered babylon, medes, lydia, and baetria

defeated by greeks (battles of salamis and plataea)

xerxes in persia

scythian queen kills cyrus because he killed her son

expands kingdom then becomes a monk and led an ascetic life

shiva

sati

life means suffering

the origin of suffering is unattachment

the cessation of suffering in unattainable

there is a path to the cessation of suffering

right view

right intention

right speech

right action

right livelihood

right effot

right mindfulness

right concentration

gobi desert

himalayas

east china sea

kunlun mountains

india boundaries

himalayas

laccadive sea

bay of bengal

arabian sea