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| when the nations of Europe began to explore distant lands across uncharted seas |
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| attempt to root up and destroy all heretics in Spain |
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| the French version of Parliament |
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| House of Lancaster vs. House of York; ended in 1485 at the Battle of Bosworth Field; York won |
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| 1337-1453; England vs. France; France won |
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| written plan of government |
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| 1215; established many freedoms and rights; king was not above the law |
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| 1086 census record for tax purposes |
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| among the earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles |
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| Germanic tribes that invaded Britain in the 5th century |
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| mid 800's group of vikings that invaded England |
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| peasant girl who helped the French win many battles during the 100 year's war |
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| Muslims from North Africa who invaded Spain in 711 |
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| sponsored Columbus's voyage |
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| greatest Saxon poem about the war-like, barbaric members of the Anglo Saxons |
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| viking who landed in the New World in 1000 AD |
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| Arch Bishop of Cantenbury |
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| most influential church office in England |
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| another name for the Battle of Hastings |
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| produced the first printed English translation of the NT from the original Greek |
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| started the Protestant Reformation; wrote the 95 Theses |
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| French protestant who practiced reformation in Switzerland |
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| list of complaints about the Catholic church written by Martin Luther |
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| protest against the Catholic church; attempted reformation of the Catholic church |
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| assembly of high officials who met to hear Luther's defense |
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| declared Luther a heretic and an outlaw |
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| declared Luther a heretic and an outlaw |
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| the education of all people rather than just a privileged few |
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| followers of Martin Luther |
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| date Luther nailed his 95 Theses to a church door in Wittenberg |
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| the huge Spanish naval fleet sent to conquer England in 1588; defeated by the English navy and the weather |
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| decreed that Huguenots could worship in public if they met outside the town limits and if they admitted royal officials to inspect their services |
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| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
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| the most infamous episode of French religion wars; in 1572 as many as 100,000 Huguenots were killed by Catholic forces during a 3 day period |
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| stipulated that Huguenots could live in any towns or districts of France they chose, but could practice their faith only in designated towns |
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| 1618-1648; civil war in Germany and the Holy Roman Empire over religious and political issues |
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| treaty that ended the 30 Year's War in 1648 |
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| French Calvinist Protestants |
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| revolt of German peasants vs. their feudal lords; resulted in even fewer freedoms |
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| Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation |
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| torture and terror to obtain confessions of heresy from Protestant victims in Spain and Italy |
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| severing of England from the religious empire of Rome; established Protestantism in England |
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| recognized Henry VIII(8) as supreme head of the English church |
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| series of laws which officially established many Protestant doctrines and practices; laid the foundation for the Anglican Church |
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| king who broke away from the Roman Catholic church |
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| granddaughter of Henry VIII(8); successor to the throne but had to surrender it to Mary; later found guilty of treason and beheaded |
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| 1st daughter and successor of Henry VIII(8); called "Bloody Mary" because she forced people to change their religion back to Romanism by means of torture |
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| Queen Mary's successor; Protestant who won aclaim of her country and earned the nickname "Good Queen Bess" |
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| wanted to purify the church of England |
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| wanted to be separate from the official church |
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| perhaps the greatest writer of all time |
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| best know for his oratorios including the Messiah |
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| Father of the English hymn |
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| child prodigy who composed 600+ works |
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| deaf composer who wrote orchestral symphonies |
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| one of the greatest portrait painters of all time |
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| one of the greatest painters of all time |
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| created the heliocentric theory |
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| discovered the 3 laws of planetary motion |
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| built a telescope; discovered the law of uniform acceleration and the laws of a pendulum |
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| Father of Modern Science; discovered the laws of gravity and motion |
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| correctly predicted a comet that was named after him |
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| one of the greatest composers |
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| planets revolve around the sun; sun centered |
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| Universal law of gravitation |
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| every particle of matter attracts ever other particle of matter |
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| dealt with concepts of inertia, acceleration, action and reaction, and momentum |
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| first permanent scientific society of the Modern Age |
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| a work of superior excellence that has stood the test of time |
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