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| Who formulated the laws of planetary motion? |
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| What invention, developed by Johannes Gutenberg in 1454, enabled ideas to spread quickly? |
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| Which theory is most closely associated with Nicolaus Copernicus? |
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| Identify the author who wrote a book entitled The Prince, which was a guidebook for leaders, and stated that it is better for a leader to be "feared than loved." |
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| Who made improvements to the telescope? |
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| Which northern Renaissance artist was considered the greatest German artist, known for his prints as well as paintings? |
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| Who is regarded as the founder of the study of human anatomy? |
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| Which of the following reformers, based in Switzerland, believed in Martin Luther's ideas about faith, and also claimed that salvation was a gift from God only for those who were predestined for it? |
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| What new religious order, founded by Ignatius Loyola, stemmed out of the Counter-Reformation? |
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| Society of Jesus, or Jesuits |
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| Due to the Reformation, changes in marriage practices led to more freedom for women, who could now seek divorce for desertion, impotence, and abuse. |
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| What invention, developed by Johannes Gutenberg in 1454, enabled the ideas of the Reformation to spread quickly? |
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| Which historical figure made the decision to break England from the Catholic Church in order to grant himself a divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon? |
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| What is NOT true about the effects of the slave trade? |
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| Africans became educated and translated correspondence between the French and Native Americans |
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| What language is spoken in Brazil and why? |
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| Portuguese, as they were permitted to control that territory east of the imaginary line established in the Treaty of Tordesillas. |
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| Why did Europeans begin to explore the unknown, resulting in the discovery of the New World? |
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| Which animal, brought from the Old World during the Columbian Exchange, made hunting for buffalo much easier for Native Americans? |
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| Which nation did not send large groups of settlers to the Americas, or enslave Native Americans, and primarily sought to obtain fish and fur for trade? |
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| Which European explorer attempted to circumnavigate the world, leaving from Spain in 1519, but was killed in the midst of his journey, leaving his crew members to complete his goal? |
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| Identify the nation that conquered the Aztecs and Incas in the mid-1500s under the direction of Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro. |
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| An economic theory that stressed the importance of colonies as sources of raw materials |
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| Due to the Columbian Exchange, millions of Native Americans died from diseases, such as the flu and common cold, brought to the Americas by the Europeans to which the natives had no immunity. |
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| The triangular trade took place across the Pacific Ocean, exchanging goods between India, Mexico, and Japan. |
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| Alchemists like Paracelsus hoped to discover which of the following secrets? |
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| The secret of eternal life |
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| Identify the author who wrote a book entitled The Prince, which was a guidebook for leaders, and stated that it is better for a leader to be "feared than loved." |
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| William Tyndale was burned at the stake as a heretic for making a copy of the vernacular Bible in Germany and smuggling copies into England. |
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| Select the incorrect statement about the Renaissance. |
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| Great thinkers looked to the accomplishments of the Middle Ages as inspiration. |
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| Pope Julius II commissioned Donato Bramante to design which structure in Rome that had been demolished because of deterioration? Saint Peter's Basilica was designed and rebuilt using Bramante's plan, but also later redesigned by Michelangelo and Maderno. |
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| What movement centered around studies of classics and belief in individual accomplishments? |
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| Artwork from the Northern Renaissance focused on what characteristic, which was different than works produced in Italy during the Renaissance? |
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| reflection of everyday life |
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| Which of the following Renaissance scientists made improvements to the telescope? |
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| Europeans brought sheep, chicken, sugar, coffee, and citrus fruits to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange. They also brought over influenza and the common cold, which killed many of the Native Americans. |
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| Which German artist from the Northern Renaissance was known for his portraits of self-conscious individualism? |
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| The Black Death improved the life of ordinary people in Europe who survived, and it led to the rebirth, or renewal, known as the Renaissance. |
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| The Renaissance was a rebirth of ancient classics and ideas from what region? |
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| Select the English playwright known for writing tragedies such as Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet. |
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| Which artist of the Renaissance was a self-professed sculptor, but was hired to paint the Sistine Chapel, which was a backbreaking task for the artist? |
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| Which of the following was NOT one of the effects of the Reformation efforts? |
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| The Catholic Church started selling indulgences. |
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| Which of the following was an effort by the Catholic Church to counter the Reformation? |
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| Many people believed the Catholic Church had become too powerful and wealthy, and too involved in political matters, which sparked reformists to rise up and speak out about the abuses. |
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| Which Italian Renaissance artist was considered the ideal “Renaissance Man” due to his desire for knowledge, particularly in the fields of science, technology, and art? |
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| Which theory is most closely associated with Nicolaus Copernicus? |
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