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| Period between Archaeic Period and Hellenistic Period...500-338BCE |
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| An elevated point which was initially a point of refuge; place where temples, monuments, and various dedications to gods stood in a polis |
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| Public square; marketplace |
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| Center of Arts, Learning and Philosophy; Home of Plato, Aristotle, Sophicles, Pericles, and Socrates |
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| Remolded when non-nobles wanted the same rights as nobles; Followers of Lycurgen Regime |
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| Life devoted to military training in Sparta |
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| Gov't ran by the people...usually wealthiest |
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| Gov't ran by "the best"; best defined by each polis |
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| 500 BCE; A staged revolt by Greek Colonies against Persian Rule; Aid given by Athenians; 4 battles |
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| Athens vs. Sparta; Sparta was jealous of Delian League |
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| Naval alliance with Thebes that Athens dominated |
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| Leader of Athens; turned Athens into the showplace of Greece by adding Propylaea: A ceremonial gateway(architecture) |
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| Philosopher and Student of Plato who wrote down his thoughts (unlike Plato), and opened the Academy: A philosophical school |
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| Post the Peloponessian War, he prompted readers of his work to ask questions about where the Polis went wrong; wanted a Utopia |
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| Student of Plato's; went beyond Plato's thinking to a realistic approach of the Utopic Polis |
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| Writer of Antigone and Oedipus; inspiration to many generations of playwrites |
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| Overthrower of Persian Empire; |
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| Meeting of Eastern and Western culture;3rd great Greek migration; Monarchy; No sovereignity |
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| council of noble elders who advised the king |
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| the common people of Rome |
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| Social conflict between Plebeians and Patricians in Early Roman history |
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| codefied and published law; alotted Plebeians full protection under the law |
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| Colonized land of the Phoenicians; Roman army in conflict with Phoenicians here |
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| Punic Wars (1st, 2nd, and 3rd) |
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1st: Marked beginning of Roman exansion into the Mediterranean
2nd: 1k mile march across France and the Alps to Rome
3rd: Scipio's son destroyed Carthage |
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| Brilliant general of Carthage |
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| Scipio defeated Hannibal and ensured Rome's heritage would be passed on to the Western World |
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| Gracchus Brothers (Tiberius and Gauis) |
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| Leaders of reform for the poor |
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| Poltical Alliance: Pompey, Crassus and Caeser |
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| An able general, and brilliant politician;led the Spanish army, conquered Gaul; made himself the dictator of Rome |
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| Allies: Rome and Egypt; defeated in the battle of Actium |
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| Grand-nephew, and heir to Caeser's throne; ended a long-going civil wa;self declared dictator |
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| Designed to fit the needs of Rome's new position in international affairs; introduction of Latifundia:estates created by wealthy landowners |
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| Penetrated areas of present day, western Hungary, southern Bavaria, |
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| Roman peace established by Augustus |
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| A period of unparalleled prosperity for Rome; Caligua and Nero=weak; Tiberius and Claudius=sound/ok; Vespian=BEST |
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| The oldest male in the family was dominate, and the head |
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| Acclaimed emperor of Rome by the Army;Persecuted non-christians |
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| New Rome; Established on to of an old greek city: Byzantium;Christian Center |
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| Part of the Tetrarchy;attempted to legitamize Christianity |
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