Term
| Why would it do the job, i.e. what does this substance do and how does this prevent rotting of dead tissue? |
|
Definition
| -Salt removed moisture, which bacteria needs to thrive; no bacteria no decay\ |
|
|
Term
| 1. What is the connection between the Egyptian mummies and the fish jerky that I, and some of you, ate in class? |
|
Definition
| -both went through the process of the removing of water\ |
|
|
Term
| 1. How did the poor Egyptians get their corpses mummified for cheap? |
|
Definition
| -buried the bodies in the desert\ |
|
|
Term
| 1. Why would that method work? |
|
Definition
| -hot temp dries the body out\ |
|
|
Term
| 1. What did the Egyptians value more: a human heart or a brain, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1. why and what did they do to each of those two organs after a person's death? |
|
Definition
| -took brain out, left heart in\ |
|
|
Term
| 2. What language did the ancient Egyptians speak |
|
Definition
| -Ancient egyptian language\ |
|
|
Term
| 2. what is the language spoken by the present-day Egyptians? Dialects are different forms of the same language: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. please define regional and historical dialects? |
|
Definition
| -Regional = distinct forms of a language spoken in different areas\ |
|
|
Term
| 2. List several regional and four historical dialects of the English language. |
|
Definition
| - (regional) American Eng. - British Eng. - Aussie Eng.\ |
|
|
Term
| 2. What happens to any language over time (its vocab, grammar, pronunciation, and spelling)? |
|
Definition
| -Alters in slight ways which make a big impact on the language over a long period of time\ |
|
|
Term
| 3. What are the classic literary examples of Old, Middle and Early Modern English |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3. How much of each of them (approximately) can you understand? |
|
Definition
| - (old) very little/almost none\ |
|
|
Term
| 3. You will be given samples of these historical dialects (you have them in the handout) and asked to identify and name each of them, and to explain how you were able to distinguish one from another. |
|
Definition
| - (old) you can't understand any of it\ |
|
|
Term
| 3. What are the words used for "you" and "your" in King James Version of the Bible (hint: think the 10 Commandments) and why doesn't it use "you" and "your"? |
|
Definition
| - Thou (you) and Thy (your)\ |
|
|
Term
| 4. What is the 1 condition under which a language may be "pronounced" dead? |
|
Definition
| - No longer spoken in daily life\ |
|
|
Term
| 4. What kind of language is Coptic and how is it still being used? |
|
Definition
| - dead language (dialect of ancient egyptian)\ |
|
|
Term
| 4. What are the other 2 dead languages, besides Coptic, that are still being used, and |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4. how are they still being used? |
|
Definition
| - (Latin) scientific terms - in specific schools\ |
|
|
Term
| 4. How does Hebrew stand out among all the dead languages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - a christian denominative group\ |
|
|
Term
| 5. the country where the copts primarily live, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5. the language the copts speak on a daily basis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5. and the language the copts use for religious purposes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5. - What is the connection between Copts and Ancient Egypt? Who are the majority of modern day Egyptians (their ethnicity and religion) |
|
Definition
| - Last remaining surviving descendants of the ancient egyptians\ |
|
|
Term
| 5. Why did Kirill go to a Coptic church in Santa Monica? |
|
Definition
| - wanted to see the copts since they are direct relatives of ancient egyptians\ |
|
|
Term
| 6. What kind of symbols do we call pictograms, ideograms and phonograms |
|
Definition
| - picto = physical objects\ |
|
|
Term
| 6. how many of each of these symbols does it usually take to spell out a word? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6. Why is it easier to use phonograms than picto or ideograms? |
|
Definition
| - cause you dont have to memorize thousands of symbols for each word\ |
|
|
Term
| 6. What ancient and modern languages use letters for consonants only? |
|
Definition
| - Ancient Hebrew, and Arabic, consonants=ancient egyptian\ |
|
|
Term
| 6. Is it possible to understand words spelled with consonant letters only, and if yes, give me a few examples? |
|
Definition
| - yes, like thnx, txt, ppl, mtn\ |
|
|
Term
| 7. Which English letter can be traced all the way back to an Egyptian hieroglyph,draw this hieroglyph and explain how its shape relates to its meaning. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7. Where is the English word "paper" derived from, and what was the Egyptian "paper" made from? |
|
Definition
| - papyrus, a plant (papyrus)\ |
|
|
Term
| 7. What 2 major advantages do papyrus and paper have over clay tablets? |
|
Definition
| - Its much lighter and its portable because it takes less space, because paper is much thinner than clay tablets therefore paper is lighter and thinner and that makes it more portable. therefore paper has many more uses than clay, and you can't print on clay\ |
|
|
Term
| 7. How come that for thousands of years millions of people could speak and write in the Ancient Egyptian language, but then for 100s of years nobody in the world could? |
|
Definition
| - Because the egyptian language was lost after cleopatra died and the egyptians were taken over by the romans.\ |
|
|
Term
| 7. You will be given a picture of the Rosetta Stone and asked the following:identify the object in this picture, describe how and by whom it was discovered and the significance of its discovery (what did this discovery allow historians to do?). |
|
Definition
| - Discovered by Napoleon's soldiers in ancient times \ |
|
|
Term
| 8. Why were they able to use the inscriptions on this particular stone in order to do this? |
|
Definition
| - Because the rosetta stone was written in three languages on of which being ancient greek, which most people of the time period could read quite easily.\ |
|
|
Term
| 8. Today, a company called Rosetta Stone Inc. creates software which helps people learn foreign languages: why do you think the company's founders named it after the actual Rosetta Stone? |
|
Definition
| - Because it provides a 'key' to learning other languages using comparisons to another language similar to what the rosetta stone did\ |
|
|
Term
| 8. You will be given a picture of the logo of Rosetta Stone, Inc. and asked to explain its shape and the 2 horizontal lines in the middle of it. |
|
Definition
| - The logo represents the rosetta stone and the lines represent the three languages that we learned through the stone.\ |
|
|
Term
| 9. Which 2 types of monumental structures are associated with ancient Egypt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 9. What is it about them that has made people obsess over them for 1000s of years? |
|
Definition
| - symbolizes greatness and it inspired people to reach their goals. They awe people because they are big and beautiful.\ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - a obelisk is a tall pillar, and it connects to a pyramid in the sense that the tip is in the shape of a pyramid\ |
|
|
Term
| 9. What is the connection between George Washington and ancient Egypt (2 Reasons)? |
|
Definition
| -Washington monument - Is an Obelisk (Obelisks invented in Egypt)\ |
|
|
Term
| describe how each of them relates to the other two |
|
Definition
| - All can be used to tell time\ |
|
|
Term
| 10. what does ancient Egypt have to do with all three? |
|
Definition
| - All were made in ancient egypt\ |
|
|
Term
| 11. Which five features of our modern calendar originate in the ancient Egyptian one? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 11. What did the ancient Egyptians discover about proportion in art? |
|
Definition
| - Same ratio to size in any body (would make more realistic)\ |
|
|
Term
| 11. What kind of technique did ancient Egyptian artists develop in order to maintain the same proportions when painting images of people? |
|
Definition
| - made grids for the body so it would stay to scale\ |
|
|
Term
| 11. Identify the ancient Egyptian painting and explain how the representation of eyes, faces, shoulders, bodies and knees allowed you to do this. |
|
Definition
| - Cat eyes (faces in profile)\ |
|
|
Term
| 12. What is the origin of the word "china" (as in "fine china/porcelain/your gramma's china/like a bull in a china shop/cups and plates")? |
|
Definition
| - china was invented in the country of China\ |
|
|
Term
| 12. What does "like a bull in a china shop" mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 12. What is the difference between transparent and translucent? |
|
Definition
| - Transparent you can see through, \ |
|
|
Term
| 12. What do we divide the history of China (the country) into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 12. how does this differ from Ancient Egypt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 12. Why can't we call Chinese family names, "last" names? |
|
Definition
| - "last name" comes first not last\ |
|
|
Term
| 13. Where is the English word "China" (the country) derived from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 13. What is the translation of the Chinese word for "China", and why did the ancient Chinese name their country so? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 13. Draw the Chinese character for "middle", and explain why its shape totally makes sense. |
|
Definition
| - Square with a line through it\ |
|
|
Term
| 14. Draw the basic sketch of a map of Inner China and Outer China with the names of Outer China regions, the 2 main rivers and the 4 natural barriers on it. |
|
Definition
| - Will ask for location of Tibet and Inner Mongolia\ |
|
|
Term
| 14. How did China benefit from the natural barriers around it? |
|
Definition
| - Kept them safe from invading militaries\ |
|
|
Term
| 14. Which of these 2 Chinas - Inner or Outer - do we study as Ancient China, and which of the 2 does the People's Republic of China consist of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 15. What 2 modern countries have the word "China" in their names and whichone of them is also known by the name of an island (you will have to name the island)? |
|
Definition
| -Taiwan A.K.A Republic of China\ |
|
|
Term
| 16.What do the ethnic Chinese call themselves, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 16. where does this name come from? |
|
Definition
| -It comes from the name of a Dynasty, the Han dynasty\ |
|
|
Term
| 16. why do the ethnic Chinese use the name of that particular dynasty to describe themselves? |
|
Definition
| - Because the Chinese national identity was formed during the rule of the Han Dynasty\ |
|
|
Term
| 16. Where in modern China do the ethnic Chinese mainly live? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 16.what are the 4 things we would expect them to have in common in order for us to be able to identify them as the "real" Chinese, as opposed to simply the citizens of China? |
|
Definition
| - They look/speak/eat/write chinese\ |
|
|
Term
| 16. Who are the non-ethnic Chinese: give 4 examples of the non-ethnic Chinese people living in China |
|
Definition
| -Tibetans, Uighurs, Mongolians, and Koreans\ |
|
|
Term
| 16. which part of modern China do non-ethnic chinese primarily live in |
|
Definition
| -The non-ethnic Chinese primarily live in outer China\ |
|
|
Term
| 16. in what ways do the non-ethnic Chinese differ from the ethnic (Han) Chinese, and if they are so different from the Han Chinese, then what makes them "Chinese" at all? |
|
Definition
| - they have their own non-chinese customs\ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Not enough written/archaeological evidence\ |
|
|
Term
| 17. Where was rice first domesticated, and what makes it so special as a crop? |
|
Definition
| -Rice was domesticated in the yangtze river valley, and you can grow more of it than any other grain per area, making it easier to produce more mass of it.\ |
|
|
Term
| 18. You will be given a picture representing the Mandate of Heaven concept (house on a cloud with rays of light coming down onto a man) and asked to describe it: |
|
Definition
| -The house on the cloud represents the main God (god=heaven)Heaven), the rays represent the mandate, or the permission to rule, and the man represents the king/Emperor. This represents that God grants the power to rule to the king, under the condition that the king is kind, just, rules well, and pursues the wishes of his people.\ |
|
|
Term
| what does the house on the cloud represent? |
|
Definition
| -the house on the cloud represents the main God\ |
|
|
Term
| what do the rays coming off the house represent, |
|
Definition
| -Mandate - Permission to rule\ |
|
|
Term
| under what conditions does god give the mandate to rulers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the people allowed to do if, in their eyes, the king does not meet the conditions? |
|
Definition
| -The people are allowed to rebel against the king and strip him of his power/take away the mandate\ |
|
|
Term
| 18. What 2 things did the Mandate of Heaven justify? |
|
Definition
| - Justified rebellion against an unjust ruler\ |
|
|
Term
| identify the image and explain what each of its features/parts represents - the 2 colors (black and white), the 2 tear drops interlocked to form a circle, the small black dot in the white teardrop and the small white dot in the black teardrop, etc. Here is an example of what I would expect from you: |
|
Definition
| - the 2 colors (black and white) represent the idea that the world consists of opposites, such as man and woman, hot and cold, wet and dry\ |
|
|
Term
| 20. how did the king divide the country? |
|
Definition
| -He divided the country into smaller sections called provinces, the dukes would then split the provinces into smaller sections called counties, where the counts were in charge, the counts would split their counties into smaller spaces where the commoners and peasants would live\ |
|
|
Term
| what kind of people were appointed as dukes? |
|
Definition
| - friends and family of the king\ |
|
|
Term
| what were the main duties/obligations of a duke, |
|
Definition
| - collect taxes, insures law/order\ |
|
|
Term
| how did dukes divide their lands, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what responsibilities/tasks did the counts have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what were the 3 main obligations of peasants? |
|
Definition
| - To work, pay taxes, and serve in the militias\ |
|
|
Term
| 20. Who are the "militias"? |
|
Definition
| - non-professional soldiers turned into an army\ |
|
|
Term
| 20. Under the feudal system - and using the same feudalism chart/diagram - please describe step by step how the tax revenue would "travel" from its "source" to its "destination". |
|
Definition
| -The peasants and commoners would give taxes to the counts, they would keep some for themselves, and give the rest to the dukes, the dukes would take some for themselves and then give the rest to the king\ |
|
|
Term
| 21. Under the feudal system, please describe step by step how the king would raise his army, starting from the king getting the message that his kingdom was going to be attacked. |
|
Definition
| - the king would send a messenger to all of his dukes and tell them to defend him\ |
|
|
Term
| 21. How did the feudal system lead to the breakup of China? What was happening in China during the Warring States period? |
|
Definition
| - the dukes and the counts started to keep more of the taxes for themselves until finally they were taking all of the money and declared themselves as kings\ |
|
|
Term
| 22. China's Qin/Chin dynasty unified the country and carried out several reforms/projects: please tell me what did they standardize and why (weights and..., etc.)? |
|
Definition
| -They standardized, coins, writing, measures, money, and (width of) roads and axles so that they would all be unified, and so that communication, travel, and trade would be more efficient\ |
|
|
Term
| 22. Why did the roads need to be the same width and cart axles need to be all the same length? |
|
Definition
| - So that all the carts could fit on all the roads w/o having to worry about running into other carts\ |
|
|
Term
| 22. What did they do to better protect the country in the north and why did they need to do it? |
|
Definition
| -They built thousands of miles of wall (Great Wall of China) , to protect against nomads and attackers\ |
|
|
Term
| 22. What is so special about the Great Wall of China? |
|
Definition
| - longest wall in the world\ |
|
|
Term
| 22. Why did the Qin build 1000s of miles or roads (3 reasons)? |
|
Definition
| - communication (used to send messages), trade, military\ |
|
|
Term
| 23. Why is the tomb of the 1st Qin/Chin emperor so famous (hint: size, its floor, mercury) |
|
Definition
| -It was buried in a very large pit, the floor is laid out to with models that represent a map of the world(as they saw it), with rivers, lakes, mountains, and the rivers were supposedly made out of mercury, which made it very poisonous\ |
|
|
Term
| and how was it "camouflaged" to resemble a topographical landmark? |
|
Definition
| - They put a bunch of dirt on top of it and planted a bunch of trees on top so it represented a forest so nobody would find it\ |
|
|
Term
| 23. Who are the famous terracotta soldiers/army and what are the 2 things that make them so special? |
|
Definition
| - Each unique and lifesize\ |
|
|
Term
| 23. Why was the location of this tomb lost for 1000s of years and why haven't the Chinese archeologists excavated the tomb yet? |
|
Definition
| - because everyone who knew about it was killed \ |
|
|
Term
| 24. What happened to many non-Chinese tribes and nations that had been conquered by the Han dynasty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 24. What is sinification? |
|
Definition
| - to make someone chinese-like, to get assimilated into the chinese culture)\ |
|
|
Term
| 24. What do we call it when someone assimilates into the Russian, American, Roman, and Western culture |
|
Definition
| - Russify, Americanize, Romanize, Westernize\ |
|
|
Term
| 24. What is the connection between Inner China and the Han Chinese? |
|
Definition
| - Han chinese live in inner china\ |
|
|
Term
| 25. What are the 3 main features of the traditional/folk Chinese religion? |
|
Definition
| -Polythiesm, Animism, and ancestor worship\ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Everything has a animal/objects/plants/places all have spirits in them\ |
|
|
Term
| 25. How, according to the Chinese folk religion, can the living people get their requests reach gods/spirits and what 3 things would people want to ask for from them? |
|
Definition
| -You had to ask your dead relatives to ask the gods to help you out.\ |
|
|
Term
| 25. What do you need to do to have your ancestors' souls want to help you out and pass on your request to gods and spirits (something before they die and something after)? |
|
Definition
| - Give token sacrifice (wine,rice)\ |
|
|
Term
| 26. You will be given a sketch of the Tao we drew in class, that looks like a river with people, houses, trees, etc. floating in it and asked to use it to explain howTaoism describes "the Tao". |
|
Definition
| -Tao, which means stream of nature, means everything exists in the stream of Tao, and everything comes from Tao, exists in it, and disintegrates into it.\ |
|
|
Term
| 26. How does Taoism view human life |
|
Definition
| -Its the greatest possession\ |
|
|
Term
| 26. what is the worst thing a person can do in life |
|
Definition
| -The worst thing to do is killing yourself, because life is the best thing, so taking your own best possession is the worst thing you can do to yourself.\ |
|
|
Term
| 26. what is the ultimate goal of Taoism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 26. What do you need to do in order to achieve the longest life possible or even immortality? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 27. Why does Taoism claim that life is to be lived simply and that having ambitions is not a good thing? |
|
Definition
| -Because wanting to achieve ambitions causes anxiety, which ends up causing destruction\ |
|
|
Term
| 27. Give 3 examples of ambitions that Taoism teaches should be absolutely avoided? |
|
Definition
| -Power, wealth, popularity\ |
|
|
Term
| 27. What idea is expressed in the following 2 sayings: The tallest tree in the forest is the first to be cut down and The higher you fly, the harder you fall. |
|
Definition
| the more success you achieve - the more power you have - the more you have to lose, because people around you would be jealous and so they would try and take it from you. you will be stressed trying to keep your power and stressed trying to get it, which is bad.\ |
|
|
Term
| How does Taoism see formal education and why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who founded Confucianism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why do most historians and philosophers do not consider Confucianism a religion (5 examples of things it lacks)? |
|
Definition
| -It lacks holy text, no idea of afterlife, no god to praise, and no churches to go to\ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main goal of Confucianism? |
|
Definition
| -to create the best world possible-\ |
|
|
Term
| What are, according to Confucianism, the 5 types of relationships? |
|
Definition
| -The fathers, rulers, husbands, males, older siblings, are supposed to be nice and fair to their lower companies, and the lower ones, younger siblings, wives, mothers, are supposed to be respectful and listen to their older/ better counterparsts\ |
|
|
Term
| how do these relationships need to work? |
|
Definition
| - higher ranking ppl need to be nice to the lower ranking ppl and vise versa\ |
|
|
Term
| Why does Confucianism put so much emphasis on formal education and how has Confucianism affected the system of education in China? |
|
Definition
| -Because it claimed that to achieve your greatest potential in life you could only achieve that through education\ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -favoritism towards friends\ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -favoritism towards family\ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -rewarding your abilities, skills, qualifications, exptertize to be able to do things\ |
|
|
Term
| out of cronyism, nepotism, and meritocracy which two of the three are forms of corruption, and why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would such countries as Iraq and Afghanistan benefit more from Confucianism than from the American $ and soldiers? |
|
Definition
| -Because they are the most corrupt countries\ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we call a female patriarch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who are the 3 Jewish patriarchs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who are the 2 Arab patriarchs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| define "to anoint", describe its general meaning, what the actual ritual involves, etc. |
|
Definition
| to anoint = appoint someone to a high post thru ritual of pouring sacred oil/water onto other person's head\ |
|
|
Term
| Who were Goliath and David? |
|
Definition
| David = Israelite youth \ |
|
|
Term
| Please describe how David defeated Goliath and explain why his victory was such a surprise. |
|
Definition
| David ko'd Goliath with a sling/pebble and cut his head off with a sword (surprise b/c Goliath was huge and was fully armored)\ |
|
|
Term
| How can David and Goliath be used metaphorically? |
|
Definition
| David =underdog that wins against incredible odds \ |
|
|
