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Rome located near this
Horatius and the bridge story |
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| Twin brothers who by legend founded rome in 753 BCE |
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| leading council of Roman Republic, composed of 300 men, directed wars and took control of foreign and domestic policy |
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| Chief popular assembly of Roman Republic, passed laws and elected chief magistrates |
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| after 287 BCE all reslutions were binding, tribunes given power to protect against patricians |
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| Great landowners who became the ruling class in the Roman Republic |
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| lower class fighting for equal rights |
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| founded by Phoenicians, major mediterranean power |
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| struggle with Carthage, first one roman navy wins, second one Hannibal struck back in Italy pushed back then Rome went to them and won to take Spain (Battle of Zama), third one Rome burns down Carthage |
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| greatest Carthagen leader |
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| large landed estates in Roman Empire, resultes from large land owners buying out small farmers |
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| member of 1st triumvarate with Carssus and Pompey, became dictator in 47 BCE, gave land to poor, increased number in senate, reformed calendar, assasinated by senate in 44BCE |
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| Ruled with Antony, defeated Antony and Cleopatra, win ended the republic |
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| Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, marcus Aurelius, ruled during time of prosperity |
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| peace roman rule brought to Mediterranean during first and second centuries CE |
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| Constantinople "New Rome", issued edict of Milan officially tolerating Christianity |
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| Greek city reconstucted by Constantine into constantinople |
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| argued that Christianity played a role in the fall or the Roman empire |
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| political system, no tech due to slavery, plague, lead poisoning |
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| group of jews who advocated violent overthrow of roman rule |
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| group of jews wh awaited a Messiah who would save Israel from Opression |
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| Palestinian Jew, procurator Pontius Pilate ordered his crucifixtion |
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| believed the message of Jesus should be preached to all, wrote opistles outlining christian beliefs |
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| based on written personal memories, "good news" of Jesus, form the core of New Testament |
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| founded by Liu Bang, used confucianism |
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| intergration of confucian doctrine with legalist principles under the Han |
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| 165 BCE, system of selecting bureaucrats on merit, contributed to efficient gov't, upward mobility, and cultural uniformity |
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| sent to seek alliances, returned with info that helped prepare military to conquer central Asia |
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| completed assimilation into the empire of regions south of Yangtze river |
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| nomadic tribes orginally from northern arabia, converts to Islam, camels, Arabs |
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| born in Mecca, encountered Angel Gabriel who commanded him to preach his revelations |
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| central shrine containing black meteorite, most sacred site of Islamic faith |
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| holiest city in the religion of Islam |
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| holy scriptures of Islam, guidlines by which Muslims are to live |
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| chapters that make up Qur'an drawn up by committee established after Muhammad's death |
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| flight of Muhammad and followers to Medina from Mecca in 622, marks first date in Islamic calendar |
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| belief in Allah, prescribed prayers, observation of ramadan, pilgrimmage to mecca, giving alms to poor |
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| law code written up after Muhammad's death that gives Muslims a set of prescriptions to egulate their daily lives |
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| secular leader of Islamic community |
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| religious leader of islam |
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| Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, came to power after Umar, assasinated during factional struggle |
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| Muhammad's father-in-law, selected as caliph, opposed by Ali |
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| hereditary caliphate of Mu'awiya a chief rival of Ali, Damazscus was its capital, overthrown by Abbasids |
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| followers of Hussein Ali's second son |
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| caliphate that overthrew Umayyads, rise of middle class, capital city Baghdad |
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| nomadic people from central asia who converted to Islam, Over threw abbasids 1055 |
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| muslim sultan who captured Jerusalem in the second crusade |
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| didnt convert to muslim, conquered areas in Middle East and utilized brutal treatment |
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| travel writer, travelled throughout Africa and Asia |
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| after the Mauryas, played major role in trade via the Silk Road |
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| greatest Kishan monarch, patronized Buddhism |
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| Buddhist monk, chinese monastery, wrote reports on conditions in Kingdom of Mathura |
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| chinese missionary, visited india in first half of seventh century, wroe most transactions were conducted by barter, wrote description of homes |
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| time of commerce with China, trade regulated b government, short lived, 300 |
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| established new state after Kushans, capital at Pataliputra |
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| gupta monarch during classical age |
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| center off o ftrade routes where believers carved two mammoth statues of the Buddha out of sheer sandstone cliff, visited by Fa Xian |
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| school of Buddhism that promotes the idea of universal salvation through the intercession of bodhisattvas, predominant in north asia |
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| the scornful name for Theravada Buddhism used by Mahayanas |
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| evolved from brahmanism, practive puja, emphasis on reincarnationand excaping that cycle |
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| muslim state that took over Ghazni, focu on Mongols led to demise |
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| ruler of MOngol Khanate based in Samarkand, feared conqueror |
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| early Indo-european language |
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| one of INdia's most famous authors, lived during Gupta dynasty, The Cloud Messenger (100 verse poem writtenin sanskrit) |
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| founded by Yang Jian, turned to Daoism and Buddhismm, Grand Canal, followed by Tang |
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| one of Sui Yandi's generals, took advatage of Sui instability and overthrew Sui to build Tang |
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| one of the greatest periods of chines history, made big empire, extended over Himalayas, had flowering culture with Buddhism influence |
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| emperess of Tang, sought to limit the power of great families through usin civil service exams |
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| established capital furing Sui by Yang Jian |
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| Song Taizu, faced alot of trouble defending territory, defeated by Mongols, established first capital at Kaifend where Grand Canal intersected Yellow, then Hang Zhou |
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| ppls from manchuria, SOng rulers forced to pay tribute to them, caused song to form alliance with mongols |
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| farmland divided into 9 segments, 8 peasant families get one and workt he 9th for the lord |
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| attempted to limit the size of landholdings through progressive land taxes and provided cheap credit to poor farmers |
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| Compass and Sternpost Rudder |
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| foreign rulers who accepted the relationship were to pay tribute to china and promise not to harbor enemies of the CHinese empire |
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| located on major trade route from great wall to the plains of northern china, now known as Beijing |
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| took trip to east asia, wrote about experience, travelled silk road for 24 yrs |
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| extended rule, Yang le emperor strengthened great wall, confucian practices |
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| admiral of fleet of trading ships sent by Yongle, owyages resulted in crease chinese knowledge about the world |
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| combined metaphysical speculations of Buddhism and Daoism with pragmatic confucian approach to society, fulfillment comes from participation |
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| developer of Neo-confucianism, transcendant word known as Supreme Ultimate |
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| Korea, form 4-7 centuries were bitter rivals, Paekche, silla, Koguryo |
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| inspired by forceful spirit of hunter-warrior tribe, Buddhist |
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| 668-935, capital at Kumsong, didnt include all of peninsula, aristocratic society, herediatry social status "bone-rake" |
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| monastery of the Land of Buddha, korea Sila |
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| Korean dynasty arose in north in early 10th century, adopted chinese political instiuttions, agriculture |
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| Wang Kon wrote these, given in 943, reveal mixture of beliefs, assumptions, and religious foundations that he held to be the basis of rule and legitamacy |
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| yi dynasty, 1392, established by Yi song-gye a military commander after rule of mongols |
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| 1418, 4th king of Yi dynasty, Neo-confucious, grandson of Yi Song-gye, invention of Korean alphabet hangul |
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| japanese leading aritocrat whos sent missions to tang capital to learn about political institutions already in use to help centralize power |
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| 7th century, established centralizd japanese state |
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| powerful family in Japan, dominated Japanese politics of Heian perion (794-1185) |
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| capital 710, eatern edge of Yamato plain, after rule of Shokotu Taishi |
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| capital moved here 794, larger than Nara |
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| end of 12 century, established by noble warrior Minamoto Yoritomo |
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| centralized government set up in Japan in the Kamakura Shogunate |
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| powerful japanese leader, originally military, who ruled under the titular authority of the emperor |
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| prominent japanese families who provided allegiance to the local shogun in exchange for protection |
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| red river delta, knownw to chinese as pacified south |
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| trading society based on indian cultural traditions that had been established earlier in 192 |
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| vietnamese state, conflict with Champa and won |
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| Charles the great, couldnt read or write, carolingian empire, christian emperor, father of europe? |
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| movement that began in early christianity, whose purpose was to create communities of men and women who practiced a communal life dedicated to god as a moral example of the worl around them |
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| founded monastic house, established the basic form of monastic life in western Christian church |
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| arose form spanish priest Dominic Guzman, defend church teahcings from heresy, Inquisition (court established by church |
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| founded by saint francis of Assisi, preached repentnce and aiding poor, lived simply in poverty |
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| biographer of charlemagne, served as private secretary to Louis the Pious charlemagnes son |
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| from scandanavia, invaded carolinginian empire, sacked villages and towns, converted to christianity |
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| from west asia, invaded europe, defeated at Batte of Lechfield 955, converted to christiantity |
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| developed after invasions, contract between the lord and his subordinate, not very cohesive |
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| person granted fief in exchange for military service to lord |
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| agricultural estate operated by a lord and worked by peasants who performed labor services and paid various rents and fees to the lord in exchange for protection and sustenance |
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| enlarged english monarch, strengthened royal courts, common law made kings mor powerful |
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| signed by king John 1215, Great Charter, guaranteed feudal liberties, due to rebellion against growth of kings power |
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| english parliament emerged |
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| after carolingian fall, french king rule, had little power |
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| the Fair, strengthened french monarchy, french parliament establshed Estates-General 1302 |
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| german kings, tried to create new kind of empire, both attempted to get Italy and failed |
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| married Theodora, reconquest of the west Belisarius, codification of roman law, building program |
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| victory, revolt against justinian |
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| defeated by belisarius, Italy |
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| germanic ppls who moved into Italy 3 yrs after jusitnian death |
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| Body of Civil Law, 529, created by jurist Trebanian under Justinian |
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| where byzantines were defeated by turks |
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| greek military leader, recaptured constantinople, new byzantine dynasty |
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| ottoman turks capture constantinople |
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| set 1st crusade, COuncil of Clermont 1095 |
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