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| term fornations not among the capitalist industrial nations of the 1st world and the industrialized communist nations of the 2nd world. |
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| moderate democratic Mexican reformer; challenged Porfiío Díaz in 1910 and initiated a revolution after losing fraudulent elections; assassinated in 1913. |
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| Mexican revolutionary leader in northern Mexico after 1910. |
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| Mexican revolutionary commander of a guerrilla movement centered at Morelos; demanded sweeping land reform. |
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| gained power in Mexico after the death of Madero in 1913; forced from power in 1914. |
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| became leader of Mexican government in 1915; elected president in 1920. |
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| Mexican Constitution of 1917: |
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| promised land and educational reform, limited foreign ownership, guaranteed rights for workers, and restricted clerical education and property ownership. |
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| Mexican president (1934-1940); responsible for large land redistribution to create communal farms; also began program of primary and rural education. |
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| Diego Rivera and José Clemente Orozco: |
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| Mexican artists working after the Mexican Revolution; famous for wall murals on public buildings that mixed images of the Indian past with Christian and communist themes. |
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| popular ballads written to celebrate heroes of the Mexican Revolution. |
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| conservative peasant movement in Mexico during the 1920s; a reaction against secularism. |
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| Party of Institutionalized Revolution (PRI): |
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| inclusive Mexican political party developing from the 1920s; ruled for the rest of the 20th century. |
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| North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): |
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| agreement between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada that lowered trade barriers. |
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| Victor Raul Haya de la Torre: |
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| Peruvian politician; created the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance in 1924; gained power in 1985. |
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| became president of Brazil following a contested election of 1929; led an authoritarian state until deposed in 1945; became president again in 1950. |
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| dominant authoritarian and populist leader in Argentina from the mid-1940s; driven into exile in 1955; returned and elected president in 1973; died in 1974. |
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| wife of Juan Perón; the regime’s spokesperson among the lower social classes. |
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| reformist president of Guatemala elected in 1944; his programs led to conflict with foreign interests. |
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| most important foreign company in Guatemala; 1993 nationalization effort of some of its land holdings caused a U.S. reaction. |
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| authoritarian ruler of Cuba (1934-1944). |
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| revolutionary leader who replaced Batista in 1958; reformed Cuban society with socialist measures; supported economically and politically by the Soviet Union until its collapse. |
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| combination of Roman Catholic and socialist principles aiming to improve the lives of the poor. |
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| Chilean socialist president; overthrown by a military coup in 1973. |
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| conservative, often dictatorial, Latin American governments friendly to the U.S.; exported tropical products. |
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| introduced by U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt in 1933 to deal fairly, without intervention, with Latin American states. |
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| 1961 U.S. program for economic development of Latin America. |
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