Term
| What risk factors do children have to make them prone to vitamin D deficiency |
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Definition
1. Vitamin D poor diets
2. Breast fed infants
3. Obese children
4. Those with certain medical conditions (CF, DM, IBD) |
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Term
| How much dietary calcium is absorbed in kids with vitamin D deficiency? |
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Definition
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Term
| What conditions result from low calcium levels? |
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Definition
Seizures
Heart rhythm abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease in children caused by vitamin D deficiency. Characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bowed legs |
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Term
| What foods can you get vitamin D from? |
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Definition
| Fish, milk, fortified cereals, pork, eggs, mushrooms, ricotta cheese |
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Term
| Children who are vegetarians are more likely to suffer from what? |
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Definition
Professor stressed: protein deficiency
The book said: inadequate growth, poor digestibility of bulky, natural foods, deficiencies in vitamin B6, nacin, riboflavin, vitamin D, calcium, and zinc |
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Term
| Where do vegetarians get their daily intake of protein from? |
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Definition
| Grains, legumes, milk products, seeds |
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Term
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Definition
| A deficiency in vitamin C |
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Term
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Definition
| A deficiency of protein with an adequate supply of calories leading to thin, wasted extremities and a prominent abdomen from edema |
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Term
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Definition
| General malnutrition of calories and protein leading to a gradual wasting and atrophy of body tissues, especially subcutaneous fat |
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Term
| Difference between food allergy and sensitivity |
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Definition
| An allergy is an adverse health effect rising from a specific immune response. A sensitivity is an adverse health effect that does not have an immunological mechanism |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of allergic reactions |
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Definition
Systemic
GI
Respiratory
Cutaneous |
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Term
| How long does a food allergy take to occur? |
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Definition
| After the food has been ingested one or more times. It can come on immediately (minutes to hours) or be delayed (2-48 hours) |
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Term
| What are the 3 most common food allergies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What other conditions are children with allergies likely to have? |
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Definition
| Asthma and other allergic conditions |
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Term
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Definition
1. Remove from plastic tube, grasp unit with dominant hand, black tip down
2. Jab it at a 90degree angle against thigh (even through clothes) and hold it there for 10 seconds
3. Massage the area for 10 seconds |
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Term
| Regurgitating vs. spitting up |
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Definition
Reguritating: vomiting- forceful, effortless ejection of food from stomach
Spitting up: pushing out of what is in the mouth with the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
Characterized by unconsolable and excessive crying in otherwise health infants
Usually a benign condition that resolves on its own in 4-5 months |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of colic? |
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Definition
| Crying that lasts at least 3 hours a day on at least 3 days a week over at least 3 months |
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Term
| Theories of causes of colic |
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Definition
1. Gut problem associated with cow's milk allergy
2. Behavioral problems
3. Excessive crying in an extreme of the normal
4. Collection of different entities |
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Term
| What are the 2 different types of failure to thrive? |
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Definition
Organic: something physiologically wrong with the body not allowing them to take in the nutrients they need
Inorganic: psychosocial factors |
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Term
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Definition
The sudden death of an infact younger than 1 year that remains unexplained after a complete postmortem exam.
The third leading cause of infant death and the leadign cause of postneonatal deaths
Kids sleep on their backs now to prevent |
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Term
| What are do children get the chickenpox and MMR vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease do you really not want to get during pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Occurs in response to upper respiratory tract infections
- Serous (watery) drainage, inflamed conjunctiva, swollen eyelids
- Self limiting, removal of accumulated secretions |
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Term
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Definition
- Accounts for most cases in children
- Purulent drainage, crusting of eyelids, inflmed conjunctiva, swollen eyelids
- Treated with topical antibiotics |
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Term
| Nursing care for infant with bacterial conjunctivitis |
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Definition
| Keep the eye clean. Remove accumulated secretions before putting in medicine. Be mindful of infection of other family members. |
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Term
| What causes the anal itching of pinworms? (gahhhhh) |
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Definition
| Movement of the worms on the skin and mucus membranes of the anus |
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Term
| How many kids get brought to the ER for taking medicine on their own |
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Definition
| 165 kids a day or 60,000 a year |
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Term
| How many kids die each year from accidental overdose? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which category of drug is responsible for the most fatalities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is IPECAC and what are the current recommendations for use? |
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Definition
| It's an emetic (makes you vom). Not recommended for routine treatment of poison ingestion bc some poisonings can be made worse by vomiting |
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Term
| Why is lead poisoning a problem in the U.S.? |
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Definition
| Lead used to be added to paint. There's still some in older homes and in lead-contaminated soil. Kids put everything in their mouth. |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of lead poisoning? |
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Definition
- Abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation
- Headaches
- Difficulty thinking, concentrating, making decisions
- Loss of appetite and weight loss
- Pale skin, fatigue, muscle weakness
- Slow or delayed growth in kids
- Personality changes, mood swings, trouble sleeping
- Seizures or coma |
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Term
| What are the risk factors for lead poisoning? |
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Definition
| Living in or regularly visiting a house built before 1950. Having a sibling or playmate who has had lead poisoning |
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Term
| Risk factors of child abuse: parental characteristics |
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Definition
| Younger parents, single-parent families, socially isolated with few supportive relationships, additional stressors such as low-income with little education, substance abuse, low self-esteem |
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Term
| Risk factors of child abuse: characteristics of child |
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Definition
Age: birth to 1 year
Unwanted, brain-damaged, hyperactive, physically disables, premature infants (failure to bond at birth), increased physical needs, irritability |
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Term
| Risk factors of child abuse: environmental characteristics |
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Definition
| Chronic stress, divorce, poverty, unemployment, poor housing, frequent relocation, alcoholism, drug addiction, substitute caregivers |
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Term
| What is enuresis and how do you manage it? |
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Definition
Bedwetting
Manage with medications, complementary and alternative therapys, restriction of fluids near bedtime, avoiding caffeine, purposeful interruption of sleep to void, motivational therapy, devices designed to awaken child at initiation of voiding |
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Term
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Definition
Repeated voluntary or involuntary passage of feces of normal consistency in inappropriate places
Must not be caused by a physiologic affect |
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Term
| Why does encopresis happen? |
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Definition
| Constipation, abnormalities in digestive tract, voluntary retention of stool, emotional problems |
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Term
| Primary vs. secondary amenorrhea |
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Definition
Primary: it never happened when it should have
Secondary: it stopped when it shouldn't have |
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Term
| Primary vs. secondary dysmenorrhea |
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Definition
Praimry: painful menses not related to any pelvis diseases or conditions
Secondary: painful menses with a pathological condition |
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Term
| American Cancer Society and USPSTF pap smear guidelines |
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Definition
Testing begins at 21
Ages 21-29 pap smear every 3 years
Ages 30-65 pap smear plus HPV test every 5 years
65: no more testing |
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Term
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Definition
- No big smiles or other warm, joyful expressions by 6 months or after
- No back and forth sharing of sounds, smiles, or other facial expressions by 9 months
- No babbling by 12 months
- No back and forth gestures by 12 months
- No words by 16 months
- No meaningful, 2-work phrases by 24 months
- Any loss of speech, babbling, or social skills at any age |
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Term
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Definition
- 15% of cases a specific gene cause identified
- Environmental influences: advanced paternal age, maternal illness during pregnancy, extreme prematurity, certain difficulties during birth |
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Term
| Common behaviors of Asperger syndrome |
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Definition
- Limited or inappropriate social interactions
- Robotic or repetitive speech
- Challenges with nonverbal communication
- Tendency to discuss self rather than others
- Inability to understand social/emotional issues or nonliteral phrases
- Lack of eye contact or reciprocal conversation
- Obsession with specific, often unusual topics
- One-sided conversations
- Awkward movements or mannerisms |
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Term
| How is Aspergers diagnosed |
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Definition
| Can remain undiagnosed until child or adult begins to have serious difficulties in school, workplace, or social lives |
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Term
| What are the current reported rates of youth suicide |
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Definition
For ages 10-24 suicide is the 3rd lead cause of death
Results in 4600 deaths a year |
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