aden/o

Meaning: Gland

EX: Adenopathy-disease of the glands, especially the lymph nodes.

adenoid/o

Meaning: Adenoids

Ex: Adenoidectomy—surgical removal of the adenoids, which are part of the lymphatic system.

carcin/o

Meaning: Cancer

Ex: Carcinoma—a type of cancer that begins in epithelial tissues and can spread to the lymphatic system.

cerv/o, cervic/o

Meaning: Neck

Ex: Cervicodynia—pain in the neck, which can be associated with swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) or infections in the lymphatic system.

cyt/o

Meaning: cell

Ex: Cytology—the study of cells, often used to diagnose diseases affecting lymphatic cells.

fung/o

Meaning: Fungus

Ex: Fungicide—an agent that kills fungi, often used to prevent fungal infections in the lymphatic system.

immun/o

Meaning: Immune, immunity

Ex: Immunogenic—something that can provoke an immune response, such as an antigen or vaccine component.

lymph/o

Meaning: Lymph

EX: Lymphoma—a type of cancer that begins in lymphatic tissues.

lymphaden/o

Meaning: Lymph node

Ex: Lymphadenopathy—disease of the lymph nodes, often seen in infections or cancers.

lymphangi/o

Meaning: Lymph vessel

Ex: Lymphangiography—imaging of the lymphatic vessel.

lymphocyt/o

Meaning: Lymphocyte

EX: Lymphocytopenia—a deficiency of lymphocytes, which are vital to immune function.

mamm/o, mast/o

Meaning: Breast

Ex: Mammogram—an image of the breast, used to screen for breast cancer, which can spread to lymph nodes; mastectomy—surgical removal of the breast.

onc/o

Meaning: tumor

Ex: Oncology—the study of cancer, including cancers of the lymphatic system.

phag/o

Meaning: Eat, Swallow

Ex: Phagocyte- cells that engulfs and digest foreign substances, including bacteria, dead cells, and debris, which is crucial to the immune response.

plast/o

Meaning: Formation, development

Ex: Neoplastic—pertaining to the growth of a tumor, often in lymphatic tissue.

splen/o

Meaning: Spleen

Ex: Splenectomy—surgical removal of the spleen.

thym/o

Meaning: Thymus gland

Ex: Thymoma - a tumor originating from the thymus gland, part of the lymphatic system.

tonsill/o

Meaning: Tonsil

Ex: Tonsillectomy—surgical removal of the tonsils.

vir/o

Meaning: Virus

Ex: Viremia—the presence of viruses in the blood, often affecting the lymphatic and immune systems.

Pharyng/o

Meaning: Pharynx (throat)

Ex: Pharyngitis—inflammation of the throat, usually caused by viral or bacterial infections. Symptoms include sore throat, fever, and difficulty swallowing. Treatments depend on the cause and may  include antibiotics or throat lozenges.

Phon/o

Meaning: Voice

Ex: Aphonia-loss of the voice due to laryngeal damage, vocal cord paralysis, or psychological factors. Treatment may involve speech therapy, rest, or surgery in severe cases.

Phoren/o

Meaning: Diaphragm

Ex: Phrenospasm - an involuntary spasm or contraction of the diaphragm, which is the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and plays a key rolo in breathing.

Pleur/o

Meaning: Pleura (membrane surrounding the lungs)

Ex: Pleurisy—inflammation of the pleura, often caused by infections, injuries, or autoimmune diseases. It causes sharp chest pain when breathing. Treatment targets the underlying causes and may include anti-inflammatory drugs.

Pneum/o, Pneumon/o

Meaning: Lung, air

Ex: Pneumonia—An infection causing inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs, leading to fluid buildup, fever, cough, and chest pain. Treatment depends on the cause and may include antibiotics, antivirals, or oxygen therapy

Pulm/o, Pulmon/o

Meaning: Lung

Ex: Pulmonologist - a physician specializing in diseases of the respiratory system, such as asthma, COPD, and lung cancer. They perform diagnostic tests and create treatment plans to manage lung conditions.

Radi/o

Meaning:rays, radiation

Ex; Radiology—The medical field focused on imaging techniques, such as X-rays, CT scan, and MrIs, diagnose and trat conditions. Radiologist interpret these imagens to identify abnormalities like tummots, fractures, or infections.

Respir/o

Meaning: Breathing

Ex: Cheyne-Stokes respiration—an abnormal breathing pattern seen in patients with heart failure or neurological disorders, characterized by alternating periods of rapid and shallow breathing followed by apnea.

Rhin/o

Meaning: Nose

Ex: Rhinoplasty- A condition involving excessive mucus discharge from the nose, often caused by allergies, infections, or irritants.

Sept/o

Meaning: Septum

Ex: Septoplasty- Surgical procedure to correct a deviated nasal septum, improving airflow and relieving nasal congestion.

Sinus/o

Meaning: Sinus

EX: Sinusitis—Inflammation or infection of the sinuses, leading to congestion, facial pain, and pressure.

Somn/o

Meaning: Sleep

Ex: Hypersomnia—A condition marked by excessive daytime sleeping or prolonged nighttime sleep that may occur even after receiving sufficient rest.

Tom/o

Meaning: To cut, section

Ex: Tomography - Imaging technique that captures cross-sectional views of the body, such as CT scan, to visualiza internal structures.

Alveol/o

Meaning: Alveolus, air sac

Ex: Alveolitis—inflammation of the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. This condition can result from infections, autoimmune diseases , or inhalation of harmful substances, leading to difficulty breathing and reduced oxygen absorption.

Bronch/o, bronchi/o

Meaning: Bronchus

Ex: Bronchostenosis—a narrowing of bronchial passages, which can develop due to scarring, inflammation , tumors, or chronic infections. The reduced airway size can make breathing difficult and may cause wheezing or recurring respiratory problems.

Capn/o

Meaning; Carbon dioxide

EX: Hypercapnia—A condition marked by excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, often caused by hypoventilation or lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Symptoms include confusion, shortness of breath, and headaches, requiring ventilation support in severe cases.

Cyst/o

Meaning: Bladder, sac

Ex: Cystic fibrosis—a genetic disorder that leads to thick, sticky mucus buildup in the lungs and digestive system. It causes difficulty breathing, chronic lung infections, and malnutrition due to pancreatic enzyme deficiencies. Treatment involves mucus-thinning drugs and airway clearance techniques.

Diaphragmat/o

Meaning: Diaphragm

Ex: Diaphragmatocele—A hernia in the diaphragm, where abdominal organs push into the chest cavity. This condition may lead to breathing difficulties, chest pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Surgical repair is often necessary to correct the defect.

Epiglott/o

Meaning: Epiglottis

Ex: Epiglottitis—severe inflammation of the epiglottis, which is the flap covering the windpipe during swallowing. Often caused by bacterial infections, it can obstruct airflow and lead to a life-threatening emergency. Immediate medical attention is required, often involving antibiotics and airway management.

Fiabr/o

Meaning: Fiber

Ex: Pulmonary fibrosis—A condition characterized by scarring and thickening of lung tissues, which reduces oxygen transfer. Causes may include long-term exposure to toxins, radiation therapy, or autoimmune diseases. Symptoms include chronic dry cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue, often treated with medications or lung transplants.

Hem/o

Meaning: Blood

Ex: Hemothoracotomy—A surgical procedure involving an incision into the thorax, chest cavity, to drain blood that has accumulated in the pleural space.

Laryng/o

Meaning: Larynx (voice box)

Ex: Laryngomalacia - A condition where the soft tissues of the larynx are abnormally flexible, causing them to collapse inward during breathing. This can result in noisyg (stridor), especially in infants.

Lob/o

Meaning: Lobe

Ex: Lobectomy—surgical removal of a lobe of the lung, often performed to treat lung cancer, tuberculosis, or severe infection. Recovery may involve pulmonary rehabilitation and breathing exercises to improve lung function.

Muc/o

Meaning: Mucus

Ex: Mucolytic—A medication that helps break down and thin mucus, making it easier to clear from the airways. Mucolytics are commonly used in treating chronic respiratory conditions like cystic fibrosis and COPD.

Nas/o

Meaning: Nose

Ex: Nasopharyngitis—inflammation of the nasal passages and pharynx, commonly referred to as the common cold. Symptoms include nasal congestion, sore throat, and sneezing. Treatments focus on symptom relief with decongestants and hydration.

Ox/i, Ox/o, Ox/y

Meaning: Oxygen

Ex: Hypoxia - A condition characterized by low levels in body tissue, which can result from respiratory failure, high altitudes, or anemia. Symptoms include shortness of breath, confusion , and cyanosis. Treatment may involve supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation.