Term
| Client Model VS Stakeholder Model |
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Definition
Client: Sportsmen paid & received services from managers.
Stakeholder: identify all stakeholders and include in decision making. |
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Term
| Active VS Inactive Management |
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Definition
Active: Manipulates population directly.
Inactive: Minimizes external influence and instead manages people and interactions. |
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Term
| Four Basic Types of Management |
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Definition
| Increase population. Decrease population. Harvest population at sustainable yield. Simply monitor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Coined the term conservation and promoted sustainable yield. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cartoon artist who depicted pollution and habitat loss. 1876-1962 |
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Term
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Definition
| Vastly popular among the public Silent Spring but that ended DDT use and called for regulation of chemicals. |
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Term
| North American Model of Wildlife Conservation |
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Definition
| Wildlife is public and international resource managed by policies based on sound science. |
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Term
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Definition
| All outdoor resources are one integral whole. Conservation through wise use is a public responsibility. Science is the proper tool for discharging that responsibility. |
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Term
| Impacts Management Approach |
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Definition
| Attempts to shape value created by human-wildlife interactions through managing coupled systems. |
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Term
| Expert Authority Approach |
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Definition
| Top-down in which wildlife managers make decisions and take actions unilateral. |
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Term
| Passive-Receptive Approach |
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Definition
| Wildlife managers welcome stakeholders input but do not seek it systematically. |
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Term
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Definition
| Encourages two-way communication between individual stakeholders groups and the wildlife managers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Managers actively seek information about stakeholders to inform anticipated management. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stakeholders describe their stakes to each other rather than managers and collaborate to rank them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conservation agencies engage other government agencues, NGOs and local communities and share responsibility and decision making. |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychology, economics, and sociology. |
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Term
| Wildlife Acceptance Capacity |
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Definition
| There is some maximum wildlife population level in an area that is acceptable to people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Searching for new objectives and new ways of defining the problem. |
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Term
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Definition
| Searching for new policies and actions to accomplish existing objectives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Results from relationships and the quality of dialogue between partners, stakeholders, and managers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Births, Immagration, Deaths, and Emigration used to determine abundance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Represents geometric growth rate or proportional change in abundance over a year. Calculated by abundance this year divided by abundance next year. |
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Term
| Source-sink Metapopulation |
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Definition
| Assumes that areas with little to no harvest will serve as sources for overall metapopulation, supplying emigrants to sink areas that are more heavily harvested. |
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Term
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Definition
| When formerly reliable cues of ideal habitat occur in unsuitable habitat areas. Fence perch spots in a regularly mowed field. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by bacteria P. Multocida from farming turkeys and chickens and DDT suppressing immune systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by bacteria Brucella abortus and dense populations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by morbillivirus and dense populations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by ingesting snails that have ingested deer poop. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contracted from proximity to domestic sheep. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cause by protozoal and bacterial infections occurring do to pollution. |
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Term
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Definition
| We need to seek and implement optimal solutions to health problems that maximize benefits to human health, animal health, and environmental health, and sustainability. |
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Term
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Definition
| An endotherms temperature tolerance range. |
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Term
| Plant Secondary Metabolites |
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Definition
| Production of products that aid in growth and development that are not required for the plant to survive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Body mass, total fat, and protein level. |
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Term
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Definition
| The resource allotted to an population and how they manage it. Breadth are the variety of resources or habits used by a species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thermal, predatory, survival, breeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connectivity to other areas, home range. Etc. |
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Term
| Proximate VS Ultimate Cause |
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Definition
| Proximate is what seems most apparent, Ultimate is the true underlying cause. |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy, water, minerals, and vitamins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Essential to function. Consists of fat, carbohydrates, and protien. |
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Term
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Definition
| Free (in streams etc), Preformed (in fruit), or metabolic (byproduct of food breakdown). |
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Term
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Definition
| Macroelements ( calcium, sodium, etc) and microelements (iron, zinc, etc). acquired through food, soil (geophagy), and bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Minute amounts that can't be synthesized by animals. Fat soluble (A,D,E) stored in body. Water soluble ( B,C ) need constant replenishment from food. |
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Term
| Limitations on Food Intake |
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Definition
| Behavioral (use some to store), morphological/physiological (can only eat so much), and environmental (only so much available). |
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Term
| Maximize Food Consumption |
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Definition
| Morphologically (larger, multiple stomachs) and behavioral (coprophagy, re-eating poop!!) |
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Term
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Definition
| First decree that wild animal resources were public and to be tended by the government. As apposed to owned by whose ever land they were on. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1600-1849 Seemingly unlimited resources and animals. Had some closed seasons but heavy west ward expansion and few regulations. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1850-1899 Increased mobility and technology allowed for more efficient harvest. Many extinctions, beginning of regulation through game wardens and licenses. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1900-1922 Actually government legislation to protect began. Lacey Act, Migratory bird treaty, and first refugee ever on pelican island. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1930-1965 Aldo Leopold push for game based management of wildlife. Federal duck stamp forcing hunters to pay to hunt and regulation. Pittman-Roberston Act. |
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Term
| Era of Environmental Management |
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Definition
| 1965-Present Increased wealth and leisure time of public so can get involved. Concern for non-hunting species. More science and environmental awareness. |
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Term
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Definition
| A potentially broad term that mainly includes all vertebrates but some invertebrates and plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Effort towards sustainable interactions between humans and wildlife. |
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Term
| Exponential Growth VS Logistic Growth |
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Definition
| Exponential increase infinitely and is not sustainable. Logistic plateus eventually as carry capacity is met. |
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Term
| Biological Carrying Capacity |
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Definition
| Maximum number of individuals in a habitat that can be supported in good health for extended time. |
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Term
| Density Independent Factors |
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Definition
| Exert their influence no matter what population numbers. Weather, humans. |
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Term
| Density Dependent Factors |
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Definition
| Vary in effect depending on population numbers. Food, disease, stress. |
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Term
| Cultural Carrying Capacity |
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Definition
| Maximum number of individuals that can coexist with humans. Varies based on economics and social values. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prohibits transport of game across state lines reducing exploitation loop holes. |
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Term
| Migratory Bird Treaty Act |
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Definition
| Prohibited hunting times seasons and numbers to reduce loss. Kept states from making conflicting laws about it and afforded protection to all non game species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Public funding for government wildlife regulation to come from hunters through taxes and licenses. |
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Term
| National Environmental Policy Act |
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Definition
| Made every project that involves federal funds mist be assessed for environmental impact. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protected non game species and their ecosystems. |
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Term
| Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species |
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Definition
| An international agreement that there will be restricted trade of certain species between nations. |
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Term
| Clean Water Act Section 404 |
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Definition
| Restricted waste disposal in general and required permit from army to develop on any aquatic habitat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subsidized farmers to turn their land into wildlife habitats. |
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