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| Wilderness at Dawn - Chapter 2 |
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Made by: Sonali Patel
6th period |
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| 1. Whose marriage in 1469 led to creation of the modern nation state of Spain? |
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| 2. What two kingdoms did their marriage unite? |
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| Kingdom of Castile and Aragon |
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| 3. How long had they been fighting? |
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| 4. What was the reconquista? |
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| “a combined patriotic war and religious crusade" |
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| 5. What happened to non-Spaniard after unification? |
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| 6. What was the Inquisition? |
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| started and was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms, and to replace the medieval inquisition which was under papal control |
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| 7. Who led the Inquisition? |
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| 8. IN what year were the Moors finally defeated? |
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| 9. What is significant about the date Columbus set sail? |
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| “Less than four months after Ferdinand and Isabella paraded through Granada, Columbus’ voyage was approved. |
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| 9. What is significant about the date Columbus set sail? |
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| “Less than four months after Ferdinand and Isabella paraded through Granada, Columbus’ voyage was approved. |
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| 11. What was different about the route he chose to take? |
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| “instead of taking the long overland route eastward,” he wanted to sail westward and come to Asia from the other side. |
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| 12. What geographic mistake did Columbus make? |
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| He underestimated the size of the planet, the width of Atlantic, and the proximity of Asia by sea. |
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| 13. What compensation was Columbus to receive? |
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| “one-tenth of al the resources obtained from those lands” |
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| small, highly maneuverable, two- or three-masted lateen-rigged ship |
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| 15. How long did it take him to reach land? |
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| 16. In what chain and on what island did he land? |
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| The Bahamas on San Salvador Island |
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| 17. Where did Columbus believe he had landed? |
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| He “thought he was off the coast of mainland China.” |
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| 18. By what name did the Indians call the island? |
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| 19. What do the English think the island was? |
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| 20. What evidence supports this island to be the one Columbus actually landed? |
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| “archaeologists have recently uncovered number of objects that Columbus specified he had given to the natives”. |
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| 21. What did JH Parry say about Columbus’s discovery? |
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| He said, “did not discover a new World; he established contact between two worlds, both already ‘old.’ ” |
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| 22. Why did Columbus call these people Indians? |
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| He thought he had landed in Asia, or in Indies. |
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| 23. Why did the Spanish think it was ok to exploit these people? |
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| because they were uncivilized and poor |
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| 24. What TWO islands did Columbus next journey? |
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| 24. What TWO islands did Columbus next journey? |
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| 25. What happened to the Santa Maria on Christmas Eve? |
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| 26. How did the Arawak Indians help? |
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| their chief gave Columbus men to help unload the ship |
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| 27. What problem did Columbus now face? |
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| how to take all the men back on just two ships, he lacked room |
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| 28. What was his solution? |
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| to leave some of his men behind and build them houses from the wood of Santa Maria. |
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| 29. What was the new settlement to be called? |
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| 30. Remains of what two animals have been found recently at the site? |
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| 31. What disease do some believe the seven Indians Columbus took back with him spread? |
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| 32. What evidence backs up this theory? |
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| “Hundreds of pre-Columbian skeletons have been found in Americas with syphilitic bone lesions, whereas there were no verifiable signs of syphilis in Europe before Columbus. |
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| 33. How big was Columbus’s second voyage? |
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| 2½ years, from Sept. 1493-March 1496 with a fleet of 17 ships and 1200 colonists |
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| 34. What six islands or island groups did Columbus discover on this voyage? |
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| Dominica, Guadeloupe, Antigua, St.Croix, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico |
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| 35. What had happened to LA Navidad? |
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| Their settlement was in ruins, and none of the 39 men he had left behind survived. |
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| 36. What planned town did Columbus found? |
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| 37. What is a chamber pot used for? |
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| bowl-shaped container with a handle kept in the bedroom under a bed or in the cabinet of a nightstand and generally used as a urinal at night |
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| 38. Describe the methods that Columbus used to find gold? |
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| “he began asking the natives for a gold tribute, and initiated a system of forced Indian labor to help the settlers work their lands, just as the Spanish had done in the Canaries.” |
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| 39. How far did Columbus go to make people believe he was in Asia? |
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| “he sailed with three ships to explore Cuba. To maintain his credit with the king, he made the crew swear, on penalty of having their tongues torn out if they recanted, that the island was part of the Asiatic mainland.” |
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| 40. What does pacify mean? |
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| settling quarrels, making the island peaceful |
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| 41. What was the fate of Indians sent back to Spain? |
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| 42. What was the fate of the Tainos within fifty years of Columbus’s arrival? |
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| 43. Who did Henry VII of England employ to sail to the New World? |
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| 44. Off the cost of what island did this man stay a month? |
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| 45. What happened to this explores second voyage? |
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| “one of the ships put into an Irish port in distress.” |
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| 46. What had Columbus done that so displeased Isabella? |
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| he sent 500 slaves to Spain |
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| 47. Who did Columbus leave in control of Hispaniola when he was ordered home by Isabella? |
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| his brothers, Bartolome and Diego |
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| 48. Who was sent to replace Columbus as governor on his third voyage? |
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| Why was Columbus brought back in chains? |
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| because Columbus refused to hand over his powers. |
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| retail dealer in special supplies or equipment for ships. |
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| 51. What did Amerigo Vespucci figure out that Columbus never seems willing to admit? |
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| ? that the landmass Columbus called Asia was in fact not Asia but some other land. |
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| 52. What did he call these regions? |
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| 53. What condition was attached to Columbus’s last voyage |
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| that he stayed away from Hispaniola |
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| 54. What are vicissitudes? |
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| One of the sudden or unexpected changes or shifts often encountered in one's life, activities, or surroundings |
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| 55. What is the encomienda system? |
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| s ystem of tributory labor established in Spanish America. Developed as a means of securing an adequate and cheap labor supply, the encomienda was first used over the conquered Moors of Spain. |
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| 56. What animals were used to attack the Indians? |
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| 57. What three things did the Law of Burgos do to protect the Indians? |
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| “(1)They stipulated that pregnant women were not required to work in the mines after their fourth month. (2) Any Spaniard found beating an Indian would be fined five gold pesos. (3) Any Spaniard calling an Indian a perro (dog) would be fined one gold peso.” |
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| 58. What was the cause of the inflation in Spain and Portugal during the ear of Exploration? |
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| “The Spaniards conquered the Aztecs in Mexico and the Incas in Peru, and dug up so much gold and silver that the sudden influx of precious metals started an inflationary spiral in the Spanish economy.” |
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| 59. Who was named governor of Puerto Rico in 1509? |
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Juan Ponce De Leon
60. What happened to the island under his rule? Villages were built, and the Indians were put to work in the gold mines. The Indians were also distributed among the settlers. |
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| 59. Who was named governor of Puerto Rico in 1509 |
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