Term
| Approx. length of time that humans have existed |
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Definition
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Term
| The paleolithic era ends roughly ___ years ago |
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Definition
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| Fire was tamed roughly ____ years ago |
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Definition
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Term
| Homo Erectus appeared roughly ____ years ago |
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Definition
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| Homo sapiens sapiens (modern human species) appeared roughly ____ years ago |
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Definition
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Term
| In the paleolithic era, two hunter gatherers required about how much land to survive? |
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Definition
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Term
| Speech developed with the Homo Erectus about ____ years ago |
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Definition
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Term
| Around when did the first religious rituals and ceremonies appear? |
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Definition
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Term
| The end of the last ice age had two main effects which played a large role in agriculture's rise: |
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Definition
1) Population increases due to improved climate encouraged exploration for new food sources
2) With the ice age went big game animals such as the Mastodon, and human hunters had to turn to smaller game - hunters' yield decreased overall |
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Term
| Agriculture first developed around __(date)__ |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did agriculture first develop? |
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Definition
| Middle Easter/Fertile Crescent |
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Term
| What is considered the greatest achievement of the paleolithic era? |
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Definition
| The global spread of the human species |
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Term
| Roughly, when did the last ice age end? |
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Definition
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Term
| What changed between the paleolithic and mesolithic eras? |
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Definition
| Humans improved upon their stone-weapon-crafting techniques |
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Term
| What is the rough time period of the mesolithic era? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main achievement of the neolithic era? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did agriculture trigger civilization? |
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Definition
| It allowed humans to stay in one spot and focus on economic, political and religious goals and activities |
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Term
| What is the rough date for the appearance of metal tools? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the four river valley civilizations, what is one of the main factors that encouraged permanence? |
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Definition
| The need for irrigation devices to channel river water to their fields |
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Term
| What is the rough date linked to the origins of civilization in the Middle East? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where was the first civilization in the Middle East located? |
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Definition
| Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
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Term
| When did cuneiform appear? |
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Definition
| Around the same time that civilization did - 3500 BCE |
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Term
| Where did the first example of civilization take place? |
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Definition
| The Middle East / Mesopotamia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What did the need for cooperation among farming communities in order to use irrigation lead to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What newly founded science did the Sumerians use to create the calendar? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were some of the base mathematical systems that the Sumerians invented? |
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Definition
| Base 10, Base 60, Base 360 |
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Term
| What are the massive Mesopotamian religious temples called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of religion did the Mesopotamians have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were some of the religious practices that the Sumerians did? |
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Definition
| Prayer and offerings to precent floods and protect good health |
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Term
| What is the significane of the Sumerian creation and flood myths? |
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Definition
| They influenced the writers of the Old Testament |
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Term
| What was the structure of the Sumerian political system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was unique about Sumerian political boundaries? |
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Definition
| They were carefully defined, unlike other less civilized villages in the past |
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Term
| Who were the original military leaders of Mesopotamia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the main disadvantage of the fertile crescent's location? |
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Definition
| It was the extreme opposite of isolated and was very prone to invasion |
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Term
| Who united the kingdom of Mesopotamia, and when? |
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Definition
| King Hammurabi of Babylon from 1800 to 1750 |
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Term
| What is Hammurabi known for, and what is the date of its creation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the main ruler of Egypt? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the six characteristics of being 'civilized'? |
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Definition
| Cities, organized central government, complex religions, social classes, job specialization and writing |
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Term
| What are some of the advantages of rivers? |
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Definition
| Water supply, transportation, food |
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Term
| What are some of the disadvantages of rivers? |
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Definition
| Flooding, irrigation required organized mass labor |
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Term
| Who led the early government? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two things are special about the nile river? |
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Definition
| It floods on exactly the same day every year (June 28th), and it is the only two-way river in the entire world |
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Term
| What are the two kingdoms of Egypt? |
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Definition
| Upper and lower - refer to the elevation, not the direction or appearance on the map |
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Term
| Which Egyptian Pharaoh united the kingdoms, and when specifically? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who established the first dynasty? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who cracked the hieroglyphic code on the rosetta stone? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the Egyptian old kingdom? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the Egyptian middle kingdom? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Raise Hewbrews to government positions |
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Term
| When did Hateshepsut rule? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did Thutmose III rule? |
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