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| a religion from the Arabian peninsula, which means 'submission'. |
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| a city by the Red Sea in the mountainous region. center of islam. |
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| a clan of the Quraysh that ruled over the politics and commercial economy of Mecca. |
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| the holy book of Islam that contains Allah's revelations to Muhammad. |
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| a taxation for charity, which is compulsory for all Muslims. |
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| things that all Muslims must do and accept. there is Allah and Muhammad is his prophet, pray while facing Mecca 5 times a day, fast during the month of Ramadan, Zakat: spending 1/10 of one's income for charity, and hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca. |
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| the prophet of Allah/Islam. |
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| one of Muhammad's earliest followers and closest friends; was caliph from 652-634. |
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| the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. |
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| people who follow the Umayyads. |
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| the elite landlords that emerged in Abbasid rule. |
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| where the Abbasids won over the Umayyads. |
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| to strugle, it is the Islam holy war. |
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| people of the book, non-Muslims in an Islamic state. |
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| a town northwest of Mecca. |
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| the head of the national government and head of the caliph's council. |
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| the pilgrimage to Mecca to worship Allah. |
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| a line of caliphs that came to power in 750. |
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| nomadic pastoralists in Arabia. |
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| where wives and concubines lived. |
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| the most famous shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia, which is located in Mecca. |
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| the site where Husayn, son of Ali, was killed and defeated. |
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