Term
| similarities and differences between ottomans, safavids, and mughals? |
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Definition
| The Ottoman empire was primarily Sunnite while the Safavid empire was Shi'ite. Otto emp was the largest islamic empire since the abbaside caliphate Ottomans and safavids both recruited regiments from slave boys.The Safavid market economy was more constricted than that of the Ottomans. |
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Term
| What group dominated the abbasid dynasty before the mongol invasion |
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Definition
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Term
| who was memhed I, mehmed II? |
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Definition
MI=Following the Timurid invasions, the Ottoman empire was restored under
MII=The conq; otttoman sultan; captured constantinople in 1453 and destroyed the byzantine empire |
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Term
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Definition
| They were legally slaves originally recruited from conquered territory as adolescents |
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Term
| How did the janissaries gain power in the ottoman empire? |
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Definition
| their control of artillery and firearms gave them promininece over aristo turk cavalry |
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Term
| how was the succession determined in the ottoman empire |
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Definition
| like earlier islamic dys otto emp lacked a principle of succession |
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Term
| how did the ottoman dynasty compare to other ruling families? |
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Definition
| the ottoman dynasty lasted for over 600 years a feat matched by no other ruling family |
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Term
| who was the head of the ottoman central bureaucracy |
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Definition
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Term
| what was the result of the ottoman loss of monopoly over the indian trade? |
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Definition
| Direct carriage of Eastern goods to ports in the West implied loss of revenues in taxes in Muslim trading centers. |
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Term
| how did decline of the abbasids differ from the ottomans? |
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Definition
| The Ottomans were at a much greater disadvantage as a result of the more potent threat from the West. |
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Term
| What modern country was the center of the safavid empire |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the origins of the ottomans differ from the safavids |
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Definition
| Both arose from struggles with turkic groups in wake of timurid invasions but the Safavid family had its origins in the fourteenth century in a family devoted to sufi (shiite) variant of islam |
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Term
| what was the status of the turkic chiefs under the safavid shahs |
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Definition
| Like the Ottomans, the Turkish chiefs were gradually transformed into a warrior nobility with assigned villages and peasant labor. |
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Term
| How did the safavid economy compare to that of the ottomans |
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Definition
| The Ottoman empire benefitted in the short run from non-Muslim traders (Christians and Jews) who had extensive contacts with overseas empires that the Safavid empire lacked. |
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Term
| What led to the rapid demise of the safavid empire |
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Definition
| Like the Ottoman empire, the lack of a principle of succession led Abbas the Great to eliminate all capable rivals, leaving no capable ruler following his death. |
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Term
| who was the founder of the mughal dynasty |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| ndew religion created by akbar which blended elements of amny faiths w/ which he was familiar, as long term key to his efforts to reconcile hindus and muslims |
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Term
| what happened to the mughal empire following aurangzebs death? |
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Definition
| his sons fought for power; no one won.The empire was far larger than earlier, but control and state revenues passed increasingly to regional lords who gave little more than tribute payments to the emperors. |
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Term
| describe portuguese trade forts |
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Definition
| Most of the forts were established with the agreement of license of local rulers. |
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Term
| describe slavery in eu before 1450 |
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Definition
| slavery had died out during mid ages in most of Eu except along the miitary frontier btw christians and muslims in med |
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Term
| what was the volume of the slave trade to the american colonies |
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Definition
| The high volume of the slave trade was a necessity because slave mortality was high and fertility was low leading to a loss of slave population. |
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Term
| how did the transsaharan slave trade differ from the atlantic slave trade |
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Definition
| trans saharan slave trade included women for domestic work and as concubines |
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Term
| what was the impact of the slave trade on africa? |
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Definition
| slave trade had impact of skewing pop of cent af in favor of a disproportional number of women |
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Term
| How did the british organize the shipment of slaves to the americas |
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Definition
| in britain, the chartered royal african company was granted a monopoly over the shipment of slaves to colonies in the americas |
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Term
| what was the triangular trade |
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Definition
| trade in which slaves were carried to ams, sugar and tobacco to eu and eu prods to coast of af |
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Term
| what was the political impact of the presence of europeans on the african coast |
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Definition
| west and central african kingdoms just inland from the forts began to redirect their trade and expand their influence |
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Term
| how did the eu slave trade enable centralizing states to expand more rapidly |
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Definition
| slaves were traded for firearms that allowed expanding states to overpower their neighbors, resulting in more slaves |
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Term
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Definition
| Major slave trade contributor, kingdom, in Africa in area called gold coast. large african state that develped in western africa during the period of the atlantic slave trade |
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Term
| what group est a colony at the cape of good hope |
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Definition
| the Dutch East India Company |
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Term
| what was the impact of the mfecane? |
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Definition
| resulting political disruption sent african groups fleeing before the zulus into both portuguese coastal regions and the boer farms of southern africa |
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Term
| what percentage of slaves died during the atlantic slave trade |
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Definition
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Term
| describe resistance to and ending of slavery |
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Definition
| Recalcitrant, running away, and direct rebellion were present wherever slaves were employed. |
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Term
| compare the british colonies of the southern atlantic coast of north america to latin american colonies |
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Definition
| The British colonies depended less on imported Africans because of the positive rate of growth among the slaves |
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Term
| what was the purpose of all the eu explorations since the fourteenth century |
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Definition
| To find a sea link between Europe and Asia |
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Term
| In what ways were europeans who arrived in asia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries disappointed? |
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Definition
asians were uninterested in european trade goods,asians were uninterested in converting to christianity, the europeans were too few in numbers to exert force on asian kingdoms, asian culture was thriving and diverse
except asian civilization seemed materially impoverished |
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Term
| what convinced the europeans that they would have little impact on the kingdoms of asia |
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Definition
| The large populations and well-entrenched political and economic systems of Asian Kingdoms. |
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Term
| what prevented the portuguese from exchanging gold for asian products |
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Definition
| Because the doctrine of mercantilism equated possession of bullion with power and argued against negative trade balances |
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Term
| What trade did the portuguese hope to monopolize in asia |
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Definition
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Term
| how did the commerce of the dutch differ from the portuguese in asian trade? |
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Definition
| The dutch were more systematic in their monopoly control of a limited number of specific spices. |
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Term
| After the portuguese, who was the most successful european nation in the asian sea trading network? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the ming reforms regarding peasants |
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Definition
| Lowered forced labor demands on peasantry, promoted silk and craft that provided sustenance. He decreed that unoccupied lands would become the tax exemptions of those who got the land and cultivated it. |
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Term
| what made population growth of the yangtze region possible during the Ming era? |
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Definition
| The introduction of American food crops such as corn, sweet potatoes, and peanuts dramatically improved Chinese diet and nutrition. |
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Term
| where were foreigners permitted to do business in china during the Ming era? |
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Definition
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Term
| What group took control over china after the collapse of the ming dynasty |
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Definition
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Term
| why were christian missionaries accepted in japan? |
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Definition
| Saw Christianity as a counterforce to the militant Buddhist orders whom resisted his rise to power |
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Term
| who was the first ming emperor of china |
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Definition
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Term
| why did the portuguese believe they could successfully enter the asian sea trading by force? |
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Definition
| Because their ships were more maneuverable and better armed than those of their Asian opponents |
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