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| It's primary concern is to record events of the past. It is NOT concidered a social science. |
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| repeating a research project |
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| a tentative statement of a topic that is subject to testing |
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| has problems conducting laboratory experiments, as do the natural sciences. |
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| a research method in which an anthropologist lives with a group of people and engages in some of their rituals |
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| an intensive study of an individual or small group |
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| a study in which a broad spectrum of the population is surveyed at any given time. |
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| only indicates a possible causal relation |
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| Developing a research design |
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| once a social scientist has formulated the hypothesis, what is the next step of the scientific method? |
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| the research method in which the researcher controls on variable and observes and records the results |
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| variables that exercise influence on other variables |
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| During the Enlightenment of the 18th century |
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| a number of scholars believed human social life could be studied scientifically. |
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| based on controlling a variable and observing the results |
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| set of concepts and generalizations |
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| relative to time and place of study and subject to revision |
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| generalized, abstract ideas that symbolize whole categories of people, objects, and processes. |
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| test and bolsters, or refutes theories |
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| the factors whose relationship social scientist try to uncover |
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| Steps of the Scientific Method |
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Definition
1. Select and define a topic
2. Review the literature
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Develope a research design. |
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| a combination of naturaly science (biology) and information gathered from social science to uncover the relationships between human biological traits and traits that are acquired socially by living in groups. |
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| the discipline that sudies the systems that societies construct |
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| the social science that deals with human use of the natural enviroment. |
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| study of power; probes the need for an institution to maintain order, make decisions, and provide for defense |
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| focuses on the forces that shape and motivate individuals, forming their minds and personalities |
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| newest of the social sciences--the systematic and scientific study of human social relationships, and of all the social systems that such relationships endanger. |
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| Research Methods in the Social Sciences |
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Definition
1. Sample Survey
2. Case Study
3. Participant Observation
4. Experiment |
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| studies a statistically valid sample of a population via questionares, personaly interviews, obtaining factualy information, probing attitudes, and establishing relationships among variables in order to establish facts. It is not always 100% accurate in refelcting attitudes and opinions. |
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| researches the total behavior of a particular unit of people by gaining confidence of members, obtaining biographies of members, learning each member's views, and establishing hypothesis or relationships that can be tested by other means in order to study a particluar unit (family, gang, ethnic group) in depth or several units for compairison. It is most useful when events under consideration are rare; often cannot be used as a basis for generalization; expensive and difficult to compute quantitatively. |
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| comparisons of different societies or specific segments of them |
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| survey that continues over a long period of time, engages in contrast and comparison. |
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| methods in the form of numbers used to process the information obtained by research. |
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| statistics that communicate information in a clear manner |
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| what is typical of a group of numbers when calculating the mean, the median, and the mode. |
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| obtained by adding all of the figures and dividing them by the number of the cases. |
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| the number in the middle of the distribution of scores |
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| the number that appears most frequently in a group of numbers |
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| statistics that allow researchers to generalize a population from a sample |
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| an attitude of research in which the researcher controls and manipulates variables in one group to test the effects of an independent variable on a dependent variable. |
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| How do the text book authors define the scienctific method? |
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Definition
| a method that obtains evidence that is verifiable and subject to replication and to makes no judgement about even the most seemingly obvious "facts" until original suppositions are overwhelmingly supported by proof. |
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