Term
| Is there such a thing as "western civilization?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does history begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many years ago marked the start of human history? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When humans come together in towns or cities with a defined territory, ruler, social structure, and sense of identity. |
|
|
Term
| Between what years was agriculture developed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where were the first two civilizations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was Mesopotamia established? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was Egypt established? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the Egyptian's form of writing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year did writing develop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did "alphabets" start to form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first recorded literary work? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the Epic of Gilgamesh written? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where was the Epic of Gilgamesh written? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did civilizations develop in Egypt and Mesopotamia? |
|
Definition
| The "Fertile Crescent" (Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates rivers) |
|
|
Term
| What were the 3 empires of Mesopotamia? |
|
Definition
| Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians |
|
|
Term
| How was Mesopotamia divided? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Mesopotamian empire developed science? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the Mesopotamian legal code? |
|
Definition
| Hammurabi's Legal Code (c. 1,760 BCE) |
|
|
Term
| What was important to the civilizations of Egypt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who were rulers of Egypt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What architectural structures are Egyptians known for and when were they built? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using planetary and astronomical alignments to predict earthly matters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What god was originally worshiped in the first signs of monotheism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what year was monotheism recognized for one of the first times? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Egyptians king introduced monotheism by worshiping a single god (Aton)? |
|
Definition
| King Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) in Amarna |
|
|
Term
| According to the Mesopotamians, how was the universe created? |
|
Definition
| War between the gods (good vs. evil) |
|
|
Term
| What two gods did Mesopotamians believed fought to create the universe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to Mesopotamian's, what were humans made from? |
|
Definition
| The blood of Tiamut's monster |
|
|
Term
| Where would Mesopotamia have been located in present-day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is always the core of a civilization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did Western Civilization develop? |
|
Definition
| Through exchange of ideas, technology, and objects by trade, travel and war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using heat to extract metals |
|
|
Term
| What type of lifestyle did humans lead in the Paleolithic era? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Farming Age, Domestication of animals and plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was 4,000-1,000 BCE known as the Bronze Age? |
|
Definition
| Tools, weapons, and jewelry made from bronze/battles for copper, tin, and territory |
|
|
Term
| Who established the first empire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the king of the first empire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year was the first empire established? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year was the wheel invented? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the central message of the Epic of Gilgamesh? |
|
Definition
| To cheat death was impossible |
|
|
Term
| What math concept were Sumerians responsible for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| King's daughter who wrote the oldest recorded poetry, many royal women would follow suit |
|
|
Term
| What did Assyrians and Babylonians trade? |
|
Definition
| Produced woolen textiles for copper, silver, and gold |
|
|
Term
| What was the 3-part system under Hammurabi? |
|
Definition
| Free persons, commoners, slaves |
|
|
Term
| What was the "slogan" of Hammurabi's Law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was considered medical practices during the first civilizations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the "New Kingdom" in Egypt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Under what king was upper Egypt and lower Egypt united in 2,687 BCE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the united Egypt under King Menes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The calendar we adopted from the Egyptians was developed according to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kingdom was a threat to Egyptians society? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where was the first form of an alphabet developed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did empires develop in the East? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we call the period of history where we have no written record of it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did Egypt lose power? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After the collapse of Egypt, what 3 societies emerged? |
|
Definition
| Neo-Assyrians, Babylonians, and Persians |
|
|
Term
| Between what years did the new civilization arise after the fall of Egypt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After the fall of Egypt, what did the Hittites take over? |
|
Definition
| Metal supplies and trade routes |
|
|
Term
| In what year do the Chaldeans take over? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the Chaldeans establish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who overthrew rule in Persia and in what year did he do so? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Cyrus known for as a leader? |
|
Definition
| Military strength and cultural tolerance |
|
|
Term
| What did Darius do for the Babylonian empire? |
|
Definition
| Expanded territory, taxes, army, and severe judicial punishment (execution of families) |
|
|
Term
| What god did Babylonian kings believe they were agents of? |
|
Definition
| Ahura Mazda (good vs. evil) |
|
|
Term
| What year did monotheism based on the Hebrew Bible emerge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the first ten books (Old Testament), or the Jewish Bible known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What king united the Hebrew nation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long was Egypt stable for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the patron god of the Egyptian Pharaohs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where were priests considered to be located in the social hierarchy? |
|
Definition
| Between commoners and gods |
|
|
Term
| What career was placed with priests in the social hierarchy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the New Testament of the Bible written? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accounts of early teachings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What helped to clarify questions of the Christian religion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who were the direct descendants of Jacob? |
|
Definition
| Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Asher, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Benjamin, Dan, Naphtali, Gad |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Egyptian king force Israelite labor? |
|
Definition
| He wanted their numbers to decrease |
|
|
Term
| What cities were built as a result of Israelite labor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did Moses flee to after killing an Egyptian for beating an Israelite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What signs did God send to Pharaoh through Moses to let the Israelites go? |
|
Definition
| Frogs, locusts, flies, maggots, water turned to blood, death of first born son, boils, dead livestock, weather, and darkness |
|
|
Term
| Who developed the Prophetess Song? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What mountain did Moses go to receive the 10 commandments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the 10 commandments? |
|
Definition
| No false gods, do not take name in vain, keep the sabbath day holy, honor thy parents, do not murder, do not adulterer, no not steal, do not lie, do not envy |
|
|
Term
| Who waged war against the Israelites under the rule of King Saul? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Israelite defeated the Philistine champion Goliath? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What civilization innovated city-states? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What society introduced oligarchy and democracy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the Minoan Civilization in 1,700-1,500 establish? |
|
Definition
| Centers of commerce, effective distribution of resources |
|
|
Term
| What Greek civilization formed after the fall of the Minoans in 1,500? |
|
Definition
| Mycenae (1,500-1,200 BCE) |
|
|
Term
| When does Homer write the Iliad? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What waterway increased trade and interaction in Greek societies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the two parts of Greek oligarchy? |
|
Definition
| Magistrates (in charges), Council Assembly (magistrates and citizens) |
|
|
Term
| What were two of the most famous Greek societies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name for Sparta's oligarchy? |
|
Definition
| Ephorate (body of 5) Ephor (singular) |
|
|
Term
| What was unique about Sparta's king? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name for Sparta's domestic slaves that kept their society running? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was Athens named after? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the first law code of Athens in 600 BCE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What law reform lasted for 100 years in Athens, who established it, and when was it established? |
|
Definition
| Birth vs. Wealth, Solon, 594 BCE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevents any group from taking over by dividing areas into 10 groups, rotating government, and elected generals |
|
|
Term
| Who was granted citizenship in Athens? |
|
Definition
| Adult males with land, women are citizens without rights |
|
|
Term
| Under what ruler was the "Golden Age" of Athens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the Golden Age, what was he government renamed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year was the Persian War at Marathon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year was the Persian War at Salamis? |
|
Definition
| 480 BCE, Athenians win by sea |
|
|
Term
| How long was the Peloponesian War? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the turning point of the Peloponesian War? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who were the two leagues in the Peloponesian War? |
|
Definition
| Athen's Delian League vs. Peloponesian League |
|
|
Term
| After the Athenian's defeat in the second half of the Peloponesian War, what were the rulers known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who recorded the Persian Wars, what were his writings called, and when were they written? |
|
Definition
| Herodotus, The Histories, 482-425 BCE |
|
|
Term
| Who recorded the Peloponesian War, what were his writings called, and when did he write them? |
|
Definition
| Thucydides, The Peloponisian War, 465-390 BCE |
|
|
Term
| Who takes over Sparta in 403 BCE? |
|
Definition
| Thebes (Boeatia) and the Federations |
|
|
Term
| Who established Macedonian dominance for 125 years? |
|
Definition
| Philip of Macedonia (338 BCE) |
|
|
Term
| How did the Greeks belief life came to be? |
|
Definition
| Eggs and flood, Cronos (sky) and Gaea (earth) |
|
|
Term
| What was the reason for the emergence of Greek philosophers? |
|
Definition
| The shifting focus to reason and rationality in society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Life is in constant motion theory, "you never step in the same river twice" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Importance of rhetoric/debate, no ultimate truth, Protagoras |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All writings written by student (Plato), believed in truths (Socratic method- ask questions to reach truth), virtue/morals |
|
|
Term
| Why was Socrates called "Socrates the Scapegoat?" |
|
Definition
| New social ideas blamed for war, brought to trial, suggested "life on pension", was sentenced to death |
|
|
Term
| Why was Socrates the wisest man alive? |
|
Definition
| He was aware of his own ignorance |
|
|
Term
| What school did Plato establish and when? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metaphysical vs. Physical (everything we see is not all there is, a soul) |
|
|
Term
| What analogy did Plato write to describe his metaphysical beliefs? |
|
Definition
| The Cave (philosophers should rule society) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Student of Plato, tutored Alexander the Great, studies physical world |
|
|
Term
| What school did Aristotle found and when? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did Aristotle believe women to be inferior? |
|
Definition
| They were incapable of making sperm because they were too "cold" and were incomplete. |
|
|
Term
| When was Greek Drama established? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wine god festival where plays are performed in public theaters and best plays awarded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls Macedonian army to take over Greece-Peninsula |
|
|
Term
| Alexander the Great (336-323 BCE) |
|
Definition
| Succeeds father Phillip II, spreads Greek/Persian culture, 10,000 miles in 10 years, Gordian Knot |
|
|
Term
| When was the Hellenistic Age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What successor kingdoms did Hellenistic Greece consist of? |
|
Definition
| Antigonoid Macedon, Ptolemaic Egypt, and Seleucid Empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Calculate positions of planets/stars by date |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Diogenes (400-325 BCE) believe? |
|
Definition
| Live with nothing (cynics) |
|
|
Term
| What did Epicurus (342-271 BCE) belief? |
|
Definition
| Seek pleasure (no sex or alcohol) |
|
|
Term
| What did Leno (335-263 BCE) believe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Romulus and Remus, twin brothers, Romulus kills Remus and founds Rome alone (Aeneas lived too early, but is written about) |
|
|
Term
| What years did the Roman Republic exist in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To do what the ancestors of Rome did |
|
|
Term
| What were the divisions of Rome's social structure? |
|
Definition
| Patricians and Plebians (based on wealth) |
|
|
Term
| The Struggle of the Orders |
|
Definition
| (494-367 BCE) Plebs secede and give city to Patricians, Plebian Assembly and Tribunes of the Plebs are founded and not organized by wealth |
|
|
Term
| Who fought in the Punic wars and when were they fought? |
|
Definition
| Rome vs. Carthege, 264-241 BCE (naval battle) |
|
|
Term
| When was the second Punic War and what Carthaginian was famous from it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Punic War battle resulted in the greatest loss of life in a single day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the 3rd Punic War fought and who was victorious? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carthage must be destroyed |
|
|
Term
| What was the result of the fall of Hellenistic kingdoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the collapse of the Roman Republic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was elected tribune in 133 BCE that would instigate the decline of the Republic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Tiberius' solution to civil war? |
|
Definition
| To give equal amounts of land to everyone |
|
|
Term
| In 123 BCE, who was elected and murdered for his belief in extended citizenship/rights? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the crisis of Republican Institutions and why did it develop? |
|
Definition
| 133-44 BCE, Gaps between rich and poor/social stratification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Having control of an army to gain political power |
|
|
Term
| What was Julius Cesar famous for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ruler do Cesar and his army overthrow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Cesar stabbed to death, why, and in what year? |
|
Definition
| The Forum, he threatened the Republic, 44 BCE |
|
|
Term
| What philosopher had his hands cut off for writing against Octavian and Mark Antony? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Octavian take power from Mark Antony? |
|
Definition
| He uses Antony's absence (Egypt)as political coy. |
|
|
Term
| What does Octavian re-name himself and what does he refer to himself as? |
|
Definition
| Cesar Augustus, Princep (first citizen) |
|
|
Term
| In what year did Augustus "begin" the Roman Empire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What reforms did Augustus found? |
|
Definition
| Army reforms (general re-assignments, paid by state), monetary systems, citizenship benefits (police, infrastructure, judicial reform) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Soldier that protects the emporer |
|
|
Term
| What was the issue with emperors post-Augustus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who were the "bad" emperors after Augustus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who succeeded Tiberius, what happened during his rule, and what years was his rule during? |
|
Definition
| Caligula, initially liked by public before falling ill and going mad, 37-41 |
|
|
Term
| Who ruled after Caligula, what happened during his rule, and what years was his rule during? |
|
Definition
| Claudius, he increased privileges the judicial system and slave rights (weakness with women, kill by 2nd wife), 41-54 |
|
|
Term
| Who succeeded Claudius, what happened during his rule, and what years was his rule during? |
|
Definition
| Nero, he funded arts and lowered taxes but was unstable and insane (sings, fakes marriages to servants, kills for fun), 54-68 |
|
|
Term
| When was the time period of the "5 good emperors?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What means of succession does Nerva (1st of 5 good emperors) enact? |
|
Definition
| "Adoption" - leader appoints "capable" leader in collaboration with the senate |
|
|
Term
| Local Autonomy (Roman Empire) |
|
Definition
| Territories could practice their own customs as long as they did not interfere with the Pax Romana |
|
|
Term
| Client Kings (Roman Empire) |
|
Definition
| Tribal areas had a "Client King" to rule over them (British territory) (Ex: King Herod) |
|
|
Term
| Queen Boudicca's Revolt (60-61) |
|
Definition
| British tribe's queen angry over client king's rape of daughter starts a revolt by allying numerous tribes. (70,000 Romans killed). |
|
|
Term
| What was the philosophy of the EARLY Roman Empire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who founded Stoicism, where was it founded, and when? |
|
Definition
| Zeno, 3rd century BC, Athens |
|
|
Term
| What Stoicism leader did the Roman Empire follow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the central belief of Stoicism? |
|
Definition
| To overcome destructive emotions and maintain virtue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Written by Virgil (70-19 BCE) and recorded the pre-history of Rome. |
|
|
Term
| What were several factors of city life in Rome? |
|
Definition
| Traffic, public baths, sanitation problems, aqueduct systems, etc |
|
|
Term
| What was education like in Rome? |
|
Definition
| Family was responsible for education (most had Greek tutors), boys had further education than girls (know Latin/Greek) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Poet who endorsed sexual freedom, was banished to Romania |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exiled by Tiberius for affairs and plotting against him (island with no men, no wine 5 years) |
|
|
Term
| What was Roman civic life centered around? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Similar to the "Mafia", Client works for Patron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Last century BCE, Roman army kills all revolters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6 women chosen (Vesta- goddess of the harp) to guard the fire and remain chaste for 30 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Worship of emperor/chief priest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 195 BCE, women flood streets and block Forum to talk to men and have laws repealed (only revolt to ever work..PEACEFUL) |
|
|
Term
| When was Babylon overrun by Persians? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 167-164 BCE, group of Jews take over Seleucid Empire (Jews were angry at restriction of their customs such as sacrifice, circumcision, and the execution of their priests) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 66-70, Jews revolted against Roman control for defiling their religion, Jews lost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 70-73, told by Josephus Flavius, Roman troops marched on Masada, led to mass suicide of Jews |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Mysterious religion", gods Mithra and Ahura Mazda |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bacchanaia, lots of drinking and orgies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "New Platonism", Platonis (205-270) large emphasis on higher realm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leaders of rituals/traditions, older priests with less focus on afterlife (upperclass of Jewish society) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strong belief in afterlife |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Revealed by Dead Sea Scrolls, group withdrawn from society, focused on afterlife |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opposed to Roman rule, killed those who "supported" Roman rule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Born in Nazareth, preached for 3 years, executed by Roman government (Pontius Pilot), claimed to be the Messiah (son of God) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Groups of men who knew Jesus in life and taught his lessons during the period after death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5-62, converted to Christianity after condemning it for years, important key to basic Christianity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Less rituals (circumcision), anyone could join, dignity and unity, moral structure |
|
|
Term
| Structure of the Early Church |
|
Definition
| Divided into individual communities, communicated rules through letters of Paul |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First "pope", papal power |
|
|
Term
| Roman Persecution of Christians |
|
Definition
| Christians would not sacrifice to Roman gods, Romans executed them, Christians used as scapegoats for natural disasters (Nero, fire in 64) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Executed upside down for Christianity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roads allowed religion to spread, language was common, and literacy allowed communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 313, concerts to Christianity after winning a battle and seeing cross-shaped clouds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Early roman tradition celebrated in December, possible root of Christmas being held in December |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 380, establishes Christianity first and only religion of Rome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 415, a Neo-Platonist persecuted for not being Christian, mob attacks/kills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 285, St. Anthony, radical rejection of material things |
|
|
Term
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Definition
| 390-450, lived on a pillar for 37 years rejected materialistic life |
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Definition
| Government invented monasteries/convents to control radical versions of Christianity |
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Definition
| Arias, argues that the holy trinity makes no sense |
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Definition
| Develops in response to Arianism, Constantine calls meeting in Nicea in 325, a statement of faith |
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Definition
| A book in the Bible that we should read |
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Definition
| Early childhood stories of Christ, miracles and murders |
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Definition
| Translates the Bible so it can spread (Vulgate) 340-419 |
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Definition
| Political importance, says even emperors should follow Church (340-397), puts church above state |
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Definition
| "Protestant" belief system, from Africa, confession of sins, "original sin", war solution to some things |
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Definition
| Appeal to Pope Innocent against Pelagius to force order and purpose of Christianity |
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Term
| How to choose Bible books: |
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Definition
| When it was written, who wrote it, what it says |
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Term
| Reasons for Roman decline: |
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Definition
| Politics, Economics, Military, Culture |
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Definition
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Definition
| Start of Roman decline, egotistical (renames Rome, months, himself), killed by citizens in 192 |
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Term
| Crisis of the Third Century |
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Definition
| Serious political violence, 1 emperor in 100 years dies of natural causes |
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Term
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Definition
| 284-305, ends "Crisis of the Third Century", military dictatorship, divides Rome into "East" and "West" (395 official), Tetrarchy, retires and moves to Croatia (305) |
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Term
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Definition
| "Rule of 4", East has ruler, West has ruler, each has an assistant, power struggle |
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Term
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Definition
| 324-337, takes over tetrarchy, favors Eastern half, "Constantinople" capitol in the East (becomes strongest city leading to 330 power shift) |
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Term
| Economy in declining Rome |
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Definition
| Military corruption, hyperinflation, useless money, tax collectors don't want to work, trade dies off (unsafe roads) |
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Term
| Urban Life/Population in declining Rome |
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Definition
| People leave urban areas, population drops from 70-50 mil, disease and food shortage cause death |
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Term
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Definition
| Large farm estates, work under landlord for food/stability, "serfdom", popular as urban life declines in Rome |
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Term
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Definition
| 253-60, taken over by Persian, skinned and stuffed for Persian palace |
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Term
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Definition
| 378, Rome loses (first time) to Visigoths |
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Term
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Definition
| German soldiers who protect Rome in return for land and food |
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Term
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Definition
| 376-82, Romans stop keeping their part of the deal, Visigoths revolt as they are pushed Westward |
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Term
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Definition
| Alarcic 1 and the Visigoths, after the Visigoth revolt, 410 |
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Term
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Definition
| Atila the Hun threatens to sack Rome in 453, receives wedding ring from sister of Roman Emperor, comes to claim her and decides not to attack |
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Term
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Definition
| 455, Vandals, short-term looting and violence (not for political gain), shrink Roman territory by adopting present-day France and Africa |
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Term
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Definition
| Factor of Roman decline, Germanic control/influence increased, loss of "what it is to be Roman" |
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Term
| Death of Orestes/Fall of Romulus Augustus |
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Definition
| Last Roman emperors, allows "Fall of Rome" |
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Term
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Definition
| 476, throne over-taken by the first non-Roman |
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Term
| Cultural Changes in declining Rome |
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Definition
| Duty, citizenship, and cultural ties begin to disappear, increase of Christianity and loss of Roman gods/common belief |
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Term
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Definition
| after 1900 BCE, tiny nation, no military force, large impact on Western Civ |
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Definition
| message from God about "promised land" outside Mesopotamia (city of Ur), |
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Term
| Ziggurats and the Tower of Babel |
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Definition
| Building built in Mesopotamia, peoples of all nations/languages came to tower after the Great Flood and could understand each other |
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Term
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Definition
| Dreams of man wrestling him in the night, re-named Israel (Israelites) |
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Term
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Definition
| Descendents of Abraham, migrate to Palestine (Canaan) |
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Term
| Migration of Hebrews to Egypt |
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Definition
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Term
| Egyptian Captivity struggle/Moses |
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Definition
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Definition
| 1000-922 BCE, 82 years of political independence under King David |
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Definition
| capital of Jerusalem constructed, unity of tribes, |
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Definition
| Son of David, builds first temple, monotheism, wise (baby cut in half to find real mother) |
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Term
| Division of Israel (Israel/Judah) |
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Definition
| 922 BCE, vulnerable to surrounded territories, many invasions |
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Term
| Assyrian Conquest of Israel |
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Definition
| 722, "Ten Lost Tribes of Israel" (people dispersed elsewhere), take over northern territory |
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Term
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Definition
| Iron, horseback riding, killed inhabitants of conquered areas, artwork portrayed violence |
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Term
| Babylonian Revolt to Assyria |
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Definition
| 625, Babylonian control restored, not in favor of Hebrews |
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Term
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Definition
| 597 BCE, destroy Judah, destroy Solomon's temple, Hebrew's direct communication with God destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
| Persian conquest in 539 BCE, allowed Jews return to Canaan and rebuild temple |
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Term
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Definition
| "Western Wall", built to protect 2nd temple after Persian conquest |
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Term
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Definition
| 6th century, only relationship that matters is with God, extreme practices (chained self to wall, ate bread and water made of own feces, cut beard/hair using sword/fire) |
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Term
| Jewish Diaspora and Roman Invasion |
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Definition
| 70 CE, Jews forced out of lands by Romans, end of Hebrew culture in Palestine |
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Term
| Religions founded by Hebrew influence: |
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Definition
| Judaism, Islam, Christianity |
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Term
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Definition
| 6th-5th century BCE, "Writing on the Wall" (disembodied hand wrote that Hebrew rule was over on temple walls), takes over Egypt and Mesopotamia |
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Term
| Organization of Persian Empire |
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Definition
| Satraps, Satrapries were governers of provinces or kingdoms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "Super" highway, travel and trade within Persian empire made possible |
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Term
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Definition
| Zoroastrianism, Ahura Mazda and Ahriman (good vs. evil), division of earth based upon good and evil, final battle of good and evil, history DOES have an end-point (Christian mindsets) |
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