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| Rebirth from about 1300 till 1600 |
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(1860)
Wrote "The Civilizations of the Rennaissance in Italy"
he believed it represented a sudden break with the past. |
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Started 1300, they had sense of rebirth inspired by ancient civilization of Greece.
-expressed much hositlity to church officials
-built cities to remind them of ancient Rome. |
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2 weakening enemies.
1. Holy Roman Empire. (not holy,not Roman)
2. Central Italy. Run by Pope (monarch) conflicts arise when you are head of church and monarch. |
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| When the Pope is in office |
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| form of goverenment where all power is given to 1 person (despot) |
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completed the reconstruction of Constitution
-set up staff in Republic. |
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| Florence, Milan, Venice, Genoa |
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influential cities.
-developed republic forms of govt, wrote constitutions. |
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still in existence.
why? ruling elite . they encouraged sense of public duty on young. |
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| (May 23,1453)Emperor attempted to turn this city into capital of ITaly for Christians. |
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movement expressing enthusiasm for ancient greek and roman literature.
expressed human rater than divine interventtion. |
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wrote The Dacemeron. this was a reflection of 100 short stories told by imaginary people. 1 major work of western lit.
was intended to amuse, rather than to edifile (bring to spiritual sense) |
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| Analyzed language from the document Donation of Constatine, determined it was a fake. |
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| Wrote The Book of Cortier which said ideal leaders would be virtuos and talented. |
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Wrote "the prince"
where he urged leader to tell people that thier actions are virtuous, book is still used today. |
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informal group of ppl who liked plato, they loved dicussing him.
Pico della Merandola was one of the leading members, he tried to reconcile platonism and christianism. |
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Scientist, inventor.
designed a Tank.
Painted MONA LISA |
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| Statue of David, painted the SISTINE CHAPEL using FRESCO --> which is paint with lays over plasted so paint doesnt peel off |
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| most popular painter in his days |
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| father of Italian Renaissance Architecture. he put the dome in Medievel cathedrol Florence. |
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GEOCENTRIC THEORY (earth is center of universe)
Helocentric Thoery (sun is center)
doesnt publish results becuase of fear of church. |
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Telescope inventor.
proved Copernicus thoery's, published it, and was arrested tried and prisoned. forced to go public humiliation and discredit his work. |
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| posed freedom of speech, which sharply declined Italian Renaissance. |
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| holland, belgium, lexumburg. |
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| wrote Praise of Folly --> ridiculed church by using satire. |
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| invented oil, painted like it was a picture. |
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| Germany + its lands = 300+ little countries. |
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| increased University cirriculum by adding Hebrew and Greek to language requirements. to better understaning of the bible. |
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| portrays himself as jesus, hes a painter/artist. |
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| Laws of planetary motion inventor. |
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| denies the possibility of knowing absolute truth (rebukes Christian teaching) |
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| Don Qioxote novel. he laughs at the calaims of nobles and thier claims to be champions and honors. |
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| Utopia (no monarchy and no private property.) |
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wrote 38 plays, comedies, trajedies, etc.
many scholars doubt his authenticity because no one knows anything about him. |
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looked with scorn at things in the world. (masses)
causes- abuses in church. many priests were poorly trained. Pope had 8 known illegitimate children. |
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| said God has predestined a few for heaven, and vas majority for hell. |
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| said humans have free will, church taught his thoelogy |
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justifcation by faith alone aka salvation is by faith alone.
leader of protesant revolution. |
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| 95 statements by Martin Luther Protestant Revolution against Rome in Belguim. |
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| Eucharist and Baptism recognized by luther |
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| Against the Thievis, murderous Hordes of Peasants |
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| peasants revolted, luther despised them, told to attack peasants. |
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rebaptism
strict.-- no alcohol, orgies in the water. |
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following luther's philospohy
still today, lutherans are found in denmark, norway and sweden. |
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| belived that Eucharist should be celebrated 4 times a year becuase its not important. |
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very strict. no dancing, theatres, believed wealthy people go to heaven and workers = damned.
Calvinism spread to holland, scotland, france, and England. |
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| Henry VIII brother, who was supposed to marry Catherine. |
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| extremly devoted to Henry VIII |
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| Henry VIII dynasty. no one recognizes the legitimacy of this dynasty. |
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| beds with Henry VIII and becomes pregnant |
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| Anglican Church (church of England) |
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| declared Henry VIII supreme head of church |
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| Dissolution of the Monasteries |
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| homes of monks destroyed. |
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| son of Henry VIII illegitmatly. restores catholic church. |
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| restored Catholic Church to england after becoming queen. |
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daughter of Anne Boleyn(who was beheaded Henry VIII)
executes her own cousin, mary qeen of scots.
did not care what people believed as long as they kept it to themselves. |
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| made book of common prayer mandatory of all service in church. |
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| great meeting of councils and priests reaffirming principles of Catholicisms. |
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| a missionary type job by ignatus. |
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| catholic, believed it was his duty to restore Catholiscism all over western europe. |
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| nother part sperated and became holland. |
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| 300 of them to attack england. |
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| Henry (bourbon) of Navarre |
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| leader or Huegonots, becomes king and issues edict of nantes |
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| grants toleration to huegonots and ends religios strike in France. |
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| gave each german prince to declared thier religion. |
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| 30 years war involved Catholics, holy emperor, german emperor and neighbors. cut population by 1/3 |
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| german princes were independent soverigns. HRE rules independent states, not over everyone. |
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| all power is vested in ruler |
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| monarchs reach height of powers. |
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| King of France, built the Palace at Versailles |
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| Louis XIV, always had sun in his pic. |
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| Louis Built a palace here. luxiours prison. |
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| king hired economist who followed merchantalism. |
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| war with spanish netherlands. dutch forms alliance with england and sweden so louis would back down. |
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| louis wanted to extend his territy so he went to rhine river |
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| War of league of Augsburg |
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| war with rhineland where many other europe countries come to aid. |
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| War of Spanish Succession |
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| grand alliance formed by england and fought with france. |
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| Allaince formed against France. |
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| John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough |
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| Place they fought at, where churchill was |
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| Grandson of LOIUS xiv, ascneds throne. |
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| naval base lost to england |
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| duke of sovoy given title of king NW italy. |
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| new dynasty King of Prussia |
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| End of Bourbon dynasty in S[ain with cHARLES v |
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| House of lords, nobles and angleton bishops. Lower house is mmerchants |
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| Queen of England, when died left a 400,000 pound of debt. |
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| stuart dynast, new kingof england. |
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| was left the 400000 doubt he ruled both england/scotland althought they were seperate nations. |
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| hired people to translate bible. into his vierson of the bible. |
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| lacked common sense, so he was labeled wises fool in christendom |
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| rich merchants in lower house. |
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| needed money, but asked parliament for money |
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| stated all taxes not passed by parliament were illegeal. |
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archbishop of canterbury
allowed games on sunday |
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| pulled by charles V temperorarly in orded to ask for money. |
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| defeeated Englands fine army. |
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| summoned for hte purpose of money, after losing to the Scots. |
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| impeached Laud, calling him a traiter and accusing of treason. |
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(aka cavaliers) also known as royalists.
great nobles, some gentry, almost all younger men. |
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| aka roundheads the puritans, merchants, many gentry |
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| wanted church in england like that of scotland. |
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| wanted congregationsal system (each local congretation would decide its own form.) |
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| led Parliamentary army against King. |
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| cromwell takes this name becuase he takes parliament and closes it down. |
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| Parliament called him to become king |
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