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| pledge signed by the members of the third estate where they took a solemn collective oath "not to separate, and to reassembly wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established |
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| concept that gov't or other entities should exist separetely from religion |
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| italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer philosopher who played a major role in the scientific rev. He also improved the telescope and military compass |
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| Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias and he is currently regarded as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church. Nicknamed "Bloody" |
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| Archduchess of Austria and the Queen of France and of Navarre. Married King Louis XVI |
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| most influential figures of the French Revolution. He largely dominated the Committee of Public Safety and was instrumental in the period of the Revolution commonly known as the Reign of Terror, which ended with his arrest and execution in 1794. |
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| conference of ambassadors of European states.Its objective was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. |
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| cultural movement in Italy |
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| urban and rural members below the higher estates |
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| French Enlightenment writer and philosopher famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil liberties, including freedom of religion and free trade |
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| Empress of Russia. she expanded borders, improved its administration, and continued to modernize along Western European lines |
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| gov't shouldnt interfere with economic affairs. "Hands off" |
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| Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of political economics. One of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment |
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| process of taking an industry or assets into the public ownership of a national government or state |
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| the European Christian reform movement that established Protestantism as a constituent branch of contemporary Christianity. |
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| peace treaties that ended the thirty years war |
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| predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian subcontinent. often referred to as Sanātana Dharma |
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| famous italian painter. archetype of rennaissance |
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| Chinese thinker and social philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period. "Master Cong" |
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| covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg. austrian empire |
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| a navigator, colonizer, and explorer from the Republic of Genoa, in northwestern Italy,[1][2][3][4] whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere |
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| German priest and professor of theology who initiated the Protestant Reformation |
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| German goldsmith and printer who introduced modern book printing |
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| intellectuals of the 18th century Enlightenment in france |
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| established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection |
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| English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian who is considered by many scholars and members of the general public to be one of the most influential people in human history. developed laws of motion |
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| period when new ideas in physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other sciences led to a rejection of doctrines that had prevailed starting in Ancient Greece and continuing through the Middle Ages, and laid the foundation of modern science.[ |
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| He carried out a policy of modernization and expansion that transformed the Tsardom of Russia into a 3-billion acre Russian Empire, a major European power. |
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| people made what they needed at home and there were people who were very skilled in certain areas (artisans |
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| Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine |
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| economic theory, thought to be a form of economic nationalism,[1] that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable |
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| one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily (though not exclusively) in what is now Germany and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. Naval warfare also reached overseas and shaped the colonial formation of future nations. German lutherans vs catholics |
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| the power exercised by a minor political party whose support enables a minority government to obtain office |
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| last ruling dynasty of China. founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro in what is today northeast China |
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| conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the Duchy of Nassau. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining Ottoman Empire. |
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| the "wonder of the world" was one of the most powerful Holy Roman Emperors of the Middle Ages. |
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| buddha (siddhartha guatama) |
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| a spiritual teacher from ancient India who founded Buddhism |
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| Greeki[›] king of Macedon. He is the most celebrated member of the Argead Dynasty and the creator of one of the largest empires in ancient history |
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| founder of the religion of Islam, and is regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of God |
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| Roman general and statesman. proclaimed "dictator in perpetuity |
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| monotheistic religion articulated by the Qur’an, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God and by the teachings and normative practice of Muhammad |
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| the founder, Khan (ruler) and Khagan (emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. |
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| massive empire during the 13th and 14th centuries. Beginning in Central Asia, it eventually spanned from the Korean peninsula to Eastern Europe, covered Siberia in the North and had expanded southward into southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Middle East. It is commonly referred to as the largest contiguous empire in the history of the world. |
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