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| latin for city or citizen |
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| original site of western civilization, 3500 BC |
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| land between the tigris and euphrates rivers, origin of food production. 3500 BC |
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| introduced "city-structure". surplus in food led to new jobs created like Priests and Rulers. Located in southern mesopotamia. 2500 BC |
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| Located in Egypt. Depended on the annual flooding of the Nile for fertile crops. Monotheistic society. 3150 BC |
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| people that lived in Thebes |
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| city in upper egypt, ruled by King Ahmose I, extended rule to Israel |
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| 1250 BC, 1st battle between two large civilizations. ends in draw since neither has power enough to control both regions |
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| offering sacrifice to show respect/loyalty to imperial power; ruler had authority over the people |
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| 303 AD, Diocletian attempts to eradicate Christianity from Rome in favor of Pagan traditions |
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| Roman emperor, 244 AD, instituted tetrarchy, favored paganism, attempted to eradicate christianity |
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| 312 AD, supports christianity, gives christian equal rights in Rome |
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| 325 AD, established orthodox for christianity, enforced by the roman empire |
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| dualists, believed in 2 gods, rival of christians due to lack of orthodox at the time |
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| 410 AD, Visigoths sack Rome, Barbarization of Rome, western rome falls forever. |
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| people of Syria. battled Egypt in battle of kadesh. destroyed Israel as prophesized by Book of Amos. believed in many gods and that their gods would protect them |
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| kingdom in mesopotamia, 2000 BC, discovered bronze which was used in militaries |
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| ancestor of all jews, traveled to Canaan from Mesopotamia, first person to worship only one god |
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| enslaved israelites freed from Ancient Egypt, 1440 BC |
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| israelite or jew, worshipped one god |
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| hebrew or jew, worshipped one god |
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| king of israel 962 BC, constructed grand temple in Jerusalem to serve as the house of God |
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| 9th-8th century BC, northern kingdom of the jews, destroyed in 722 BC by the Assyrians |
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| 9th-8th century BC, southern kingdom of the jews, destroyed by babylonians in 586 BC |
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| spoke words they believed to be inspired by god, spoke out against religious and moral decay such as the worship of more than one god. |
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| Bronze Age of Ancient Greece |
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| wrote in Linear B, 1200 BC, agriculturally driven, |
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| an ethnic group ruled by a king |
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| 333 BC, Rome defeats Persian king Darius III |
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| spread of greek ideas throughout the western world |
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| abstract religions that popped up in Rome such as Mithra or mithras |
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| greek culture restricted to greece |
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| romans expel etruscan king, found republic in 509 BC |
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| wealthy landowners in Roman society |
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| mystery religion popular among military members in Rome |
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| authority given to those who could trace their heritage back to an apostle, used in Rome 300 AD |
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| 354 AD, bishop, taught lesson of original sin |
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| book written by augustus of hippo around 410 AD after the sack of rome which claimed that rome fell due to its noncompliance with christian beliefs |
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| 1303 BC, Egyptian pharaoh, built cities/temples/monuments |
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| Dark Age of Ancient Greece |
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| 850 BC, decline in population and agriculture, origin of Greek Alphabet |
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| written by Homer in 750 BC, tales of the legendary Trojan war |
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| greek city-state, self-governing community w/ large sense of community. all citizens expected to place the polis above personal concerns |
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| Greek citizens who fought in Phalanx, protecting half of himself and half of the man next to him |
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| a greek polis, cut off from rest of greece by mountains, 700 BC, male and female citizens completely devoted to militaristic way of life |
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| polis of Greece, first democracy in the world, 594 BC, public political life |
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| 650BC, enabled all male citizens to participate in Athenian public life, eventually leading to democracy |
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| 1400 BC, communities w/ heavily fortified palaces |
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| 650BC, enabled all male citizens to participate in Athenian public life, eventually leading to democracy |
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| 2000 BC, developed excellent long-distance trade of goods, worshipped animal goddess |
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| Classical Age in Ancient Greece |
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| known for remarkable level of creativity in drama, science, history, philosophy and the visual arts. 479 BC |
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| pre-socratic philosopher, 624 BC, believed in finding answers in nature instead of supernatural |
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| greek philosopher, 535 BC, said everything is in a state of flux |
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| poet, middle of 7th century |
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| 400 BC, hereditary monarchy, had to continually wage war in order to pay its soldiers so that the king could stay in power |
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| 359 BC, King of Macedon, military tactics far more effective than the Greeks due to their flexibility, defeated Greece and put in place the League of Corinth |
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| 336 BC, military genius, conquered all of Persia, but his army eventually refused to go any further |
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| 331 BC, Alexander founds Alexandria in Egypt |
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| people throughout the hellenistic world all spoke a standard version of Greek called Koine, gave a sense of common identity |
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| 535 BC, last of 7 legendary kings of Rome, etruscan descent, was exiled from Rome and died |
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| 450 BC, formed the centerpiece of the constitution of the Roman Republic |
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| 109 BC, leader of slave uprising in Rome |
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| 59 BC, part of the first triumvirate, gained political power by illegal means, abused taxpayers dollars, other members of triumvirate die, caesar uses military power to claim throne of rome and implements political systems that allow him to do as he pleases |
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| boundary of land under direct control of the senate |
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| present-day northern italy/france/belgium |
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