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| argued that imperialism was inevitable in a highly advanced capitalist country |
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| hoped an expanding European economy would bring Africa to the world market and ultimately to freedom and progress |
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| Richard Burton and John Speke |
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| their explorations fascinated many Europeans during the second half of the nineteenth century |
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| Rudyard Kipling and H. Rider Haggard |
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| stimulated the passion for faraway places and unknown peoples and helped shape the attitudes of the next generation |
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| Joseph Conrad, George Orwell, Olive Schreiner, and E.M. Forster |
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| writers that started to probe imperialism's darker side |
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| Mohandas Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek, and Kemal Ataturk |
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| national heros for resistance to the West |
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| launched a holy war that would tear apart Hindus and Muslims, as well as Sikhs, for half a century |
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| led resistance to racial discrimination in South Africa and, in the process, developed a doctrine of civil disobedience and nonviolent resistance |
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| the British insisted on determining Chinese tariffs |
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| became president of the republic and head of the Nationalist party |
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| tried to modernize, using the military power of the state and introducing segments of a modern economic system |
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| Commodore Matthew C. Perry |
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| sailed into Tokyo bay, making a show of American strength |
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| wealthy family monopolies that the govt. sold factories to |
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| refused to accept that dismemberment of Turkish-speaking territory |
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| was sent by Leopold to establish trading posts, sign treaties with the chiefs, and claim the territory for the association |
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| called an international conference in Berlin |
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| Prime Minister William Gladstone |
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| promised to withdraw British troops once the situation stabilized |
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| head was severed and placed on a pike |
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| general = his men, armed with machine guns, mowed down charging Muslims |
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| wanted independence, power, and access to the sea |
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| made a fortune in diamonds and gold in South Africa |
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| resisted the French invasion |
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