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| replacement of human labor with machine labor and power technology |
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| a general term for involuntary labor but generally in modern times means the requirement by the state that citizens serve in the armed forces |
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| groups of companies that joined together in order to fix prices and giant firms able to dominate entire industries nationally and internationally |
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| the owners or managers of these large firms |
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| made noble or aristocratic |
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| what bankers and entrepreneurs were called in the United States |
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| broadly defined to include transportation, communication, national banks, and the production of war goods |
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| the "cult of domesticity" |
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| the cultural ideal of women in the home |
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| scientific management in America |
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| Taylorism was named after him = was one of its leading proponents |
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| processed quality steel made cheaply and abundantly, causing a boom in the railroad and construction industries |
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| a great American painter that caught the atmosphere of medical school in the nineteenth century |
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| the Trans-Siberian Railroad |
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| carried millions of settlers eastward to central Asia |
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| Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz |
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| two German engineers = perfected the internal combustion engine fueled by petroleum products and applied it to a carriage |
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| also, developed a luxury automobile = the Mercedes |
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| an American who produced the Model T for the "ordinary man" |
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| large-scale manufacturing in which labor is specialized |
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| invented the wireless, or radio |
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| Michael Faraday and Jame's Maxwell |
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| discovered the fundamentals of electricity and the inventions of Thomas Edison, Bell, and Marconi |
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| discovered and isolated disease-causing bacteria |
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| Wilhelm Liebknecht and August Bebel of Germany or Jules Guesde of France |
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| insisted that reform would come only through a socialist-led revolution |
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| a pious, sober man for whom politics was a struggle between the forces of liberal good and conservative evil |
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| a novelist and a conservative, who loved the fascinating game of politics |
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| a colorful nonconformist who represented a poor Welsh mining district in the House of Commons, formed the Independent Labour party |
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| the courts awarded damages to an employer picketed by a union |
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| David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill |
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| introduced a series of important social measures |
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| a revolutionary republican group, called for Irish independence |
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| led the Irish to form a separate bloc to force the Conservatives and the Liberals to reckon with the issue of home rule |
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| a private army organized by the the Protestant Irish |
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| joined the Germans to fight for Ireland's idependence |
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| the issue of women's equality |
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| Henrik Isben, George Bernard Shaw, and H.G. Wells |
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| supported women's emancipation |
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| opposed women's emancipation |
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| a German that argued that only socialism could liberate women from responsibility for their children and from their lives of hard work in the home and the economy |
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| Millicent Fawcett and Josephine Butler |
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| thought that women should concentrate on self-improvement and legal efforts to raise their status in society rather than focus on the vote |
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| urged demonstrations and disruptions of the House of Commons |
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| nephew of the Napoleon I, dominated France |
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| a direct vote in which the entire voting public is asked to accept or reject a proposition or a candidate |
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| an anarchist, a leader in The Paris Commune |
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| accepted Bismark's peaces terms, ordered French soldiers to attack Paris |
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| dramatically committed suicide on the grave of his former mistress |
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| was wrongly accused of selling military secrets to the Germans |
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| opposition to priestly influence in govt, education, society, and ownership of land and property |
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| a political/economic philosophy and movement that advocates giving the control of govt. and industry to workers' federations |
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| when he became pope, Bismarck quietly opened negotiations to end the "struggle for culture" |
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| believed that if Germany enacted social reforms, workers would be just as patriotic as any other group |
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| the most important socialist in the Third French Republic |
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| ascended the throne when Germany possessed the most extensive sector of large-scale, concentrated industrial and corporate capitalism, as well as the largest and most powerful unions |
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| an ideology of Russian superiority decreed by Napoleon I |
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| was determined to preserve autocratic rule in Russia |
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| a firm tough unimaginative ruler |
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| was hopelessly unprepared and out of tune with the times when he succeeded his father |
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