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| "the politics of reality" |
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| governed Piedmont in the northwest and the island of Sardinia = an Italian dynasty |
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| the most important secret society that had clubs in every state in Italy |
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| was forced to grant a constitution and a parliamentary govt. by the secret societies |
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| dedicated his life to the creation of a united and republican Italy |
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| the movement for Italian unity by Mazzini |
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| Count Camillo Benso di Cavour |
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| the chief minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, became the architect of Italian unity |
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| hoped that a unifed northen Italy would became an ally and client of France |
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| was forced to flee Italy to avoid arrest for his revolutionary activities |
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| supported the Prussian throne |
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| a customs union which abolished tariffs between the states |
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| a customs union which abolished tariffs between the states |
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| a customs union which abolished tariffs between the states |
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| completed the unification of Germany |
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| a customs union which abolished tariffs between the states |
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| refused the crown offered to him by the Frankfurt Assembly |
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| called for a drastic reorganization of the Prussian army |
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| King William asked him to lead the battle against parliament |
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| William I was granted this title by the German princes |
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| was emperor of Austria and King of Hungary |
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| Volk means "folk" or "people" = the most ominous expression of German nationalism |
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| he contrasted the artificiality of modern city life with the unspoiled existence in the German countryside |
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| glorified the peasant as the ideal German |
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| called for a German faith, different from Christianity |
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| lauded a mystical and irrational life force as superior to reason and held that the Jews corrupted the German spirit |
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| Houston Stewart Chamberlin |
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| an Englishman whose fascination with Germanism led him to adopt German citizenship |
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| The Foundation of the Nineteenth Century |
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| Chamberlain asserted in pseudoscientific fashion that races differed not only physically but also morally, spiritually, and intellectually, and that the struggle between races was the driving force of history |
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| hailed Chamberlain as a "pathbreaker" and "pioneer" after meeting him |
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| a French journalist, published Jewish France |
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