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| govt in which single ruler and his court possess total and centralized power |
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| broke the pattern of king-army-taxes as the key to the creation of a centralized state |
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| broke the pattern of king-army-taxes as the key to the creation of a centralized state |
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| broke the pattern of king-army-taxes as the key to the creation of a centralized state |
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| broke the pattern of king-army-taxes as the key to the creation of a centralized state |
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| heir to the throne of Aragon |
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| Ferdinand wife and cousin |
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| German-speaking family of central Europe |
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| last Muslim ruled territory of Spain |
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| church tribunal to pursecute Jews |
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| defeated the Aztec nation with six hundred |
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| members of the minor aristocracy |
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| Ferdinand and Isabella's grandson |
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| reign rested on the twin instruments of army and bureaucracy |
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| strengths and weaknesses of the Spanish state became fully evident |
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| claimed to be untainted because for centuries they had refused to marry |
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| Jew converts to Christianity |
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| Spain takes an agressive posture |
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| Spain officially recognized the independence of the Netherlands |
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| absolute power of a nation |
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| French kings had been selected by God to rule |
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| Assembly such as Parliament |
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| English were driven out of France |
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| concluded the Concordat of Bologna |
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| Concordat of Bologna laid foundation for this |
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| Vindiciae contra Tyrannos |
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| attack on the rights of the kings |
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| Wed to Catherine de Medicis |
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| French throne acquired its central positions in national politics |
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| realized that his ruledepended on an efficient and trustworthy bureaucracy |
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| served as Louis XIII's chief minister |
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| served as Louis XIII's chief minister |
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| cardinal who had never been ordained a priest |
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| a brilliant administrator |
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| functionaries dispatched with wide powers in the provinces |
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| War of Spanish Succession |
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| essentially a land war fought on the battlefields of northern Europe |
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| invaded and conquered England |
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| guaranteed certain aristocratic pivileges |
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| pitted two noble families against each other |
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| spent much of his reign consolidating and extending his authority |
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| middle road to the protestant reformation |
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| Puritan squire with a gift for military |
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| the first teoretician of social democracy in modern times |
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| a fearless Catholic and admirer to French absolutism |
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| created a new political and constitutional reality |
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| achieved a degree of cohesion comparable with that in France and Spain |
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| gave every German prince the right to determine the religion of his subjects |
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| ascended the throne of the Holy Roman Empire |
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| ruling dynasty of Prussia |
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| played a key role in forging the new Prussian state |
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| impose a tsarist autocracy |
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| ruthlessly suppressed the independent aristocrats while inventing new titles and ranks for his supporters |
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| domination over all others |
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