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| conquered the Aztecs and Mexico for the Spanish crown |
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| Prince Henry the Navigator |
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| Portuguese ruler who expanded into Africa to discover gold and the extension of Christianity |
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| his legend told of an ancient Christian kingdom of fabled wealth in the heart of Africa |
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| A Portuguese explorer. He reached the southern tip of the African continent |
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| sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and across the Indian Ocean to India. |
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| a Genoese sailor. Discovered America. Worked in Portugal before finally winning the acceptance at the court of Castile in Spain for his scheme to find a westward route to the spices of the East. |
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| of Spain. queen of Castile. Christopher Columbus won her support |
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| discovered the Pacific Ocean at the Isthumus of Panama in 1513 |
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| led a circummavigation of the globe throught the strait at teh tip of South America that now bears his name. |
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| conquered the Incas in Peru |
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| led a war against the Muslim Turks and the Protestant Dutch and English |
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| lesser gentry whose status depended on the possession of landed estates and whose training and experience taught that holy war was a legitimate avenue to wealth and power |
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| land grants, either of land formerly belonging to the native priestly and noble castes or of land in remoter and less fertile regions. |
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| were royal grants of authority over the natives |
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| promised to give protection and instruction in the Christian religion to their charges. In return, they gained the power to extract labor and tribute from the peasant masses, who were worked beyond their capacity |
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| a Dominican friar. He was a missionay to the Amerindians |
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| unprecedented inflation during the sixteenth century |
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| a flyboat developed by the dutch to handle bulky grain shipments at the lowest possible cost |
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| United East India Company |
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| first passed in 1651. It allowed all English shippers to carry goods anywhere. The act alos required that all goods be carried in English ships |
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| a system of private enterprise |
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| the conscious pursuit by governments of courses of action supposed to augment national wealth and power. |
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| argued that a country might import more than it exported in the short run and still come out ahead in the end because raw materials that are imported and then reprocessed for export would eventually give good profit. |
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| Mun said that the more English merchants did to advertise English goods to potential customers the greater the overseas market for those goods would be |
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| a carnival that preceded the onset of Lent during this time there was excessive eating and drinking. They also did things backwards |
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| during this festival mock clergymen were elected |
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| the ritual mockery of marriage |
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| Malleus Maleficarum, The Hammer of Witches |
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| a handbook against "witches" written by two German Dominicans |
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