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| the application of Darwin's principles of organic evolution to the social order; led to the belief that progress comes from the struggle for survival as the fittest advance and the weakest decline. Societies are organisms that evolve. |
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| World War I style of warfare in which opposing forces attack and counterattack from a relativley permanent system of trenches protected by barbed wire. |
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| Sunk British ship that forced the Americans into WWII, occurred on May 7,1915 |
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| Ultra-Nationalist movements that HATE Foreign Groups |
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| Creator of Zionism, a Jewish nationalist movement |
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| the belief that the superiority of their civilization obligated Europeans to impose their practices on supposedly primitive nonwhites |
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| Legislative assembly created by the October Manifesto. This was elected directly by a broad franchise. Power was then curtailed in 1907 |
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| The first war(1912) liberated most of the area from Ottoman Control. The Second war(1913)increased the size of Greece and Serbia at Bulgaria’s expense |
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| Assasinateds along with his wife on June 28, 1914 and led to World War I. |
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| German plan of attack devised in the event of a war against Russia. Unsuccessful. |
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| Incited Arab princes to revolt against their Ottoman Overlords in 1917. |
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| 1917, Led by Lenin, Bolsheviks control Petrograd and Moscow soviets. Collapse of the Provisional Government |
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| The Women’s March in Petrograd |
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| After the imposition of bread rationing in Petrograd, ten thousand women engaged in mass demonstrations and demanded ‘‘Peace and bread’’ for the families of soldiers. |
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War Guilt Clause,blamed Germany solely for WWI, put all of the blame on them including repararions: 100,000 man army
Loss of Alsace and Lorraine
Sections of Prussia to the new Polish state
German charges of a “dictated peace |
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| 5 Seperate Treaties, included War Guilt Clause putting the war all on Germany, US rejected it. |
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| 1925, France, Britain, Italy |
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| French anxiety about security between borders. Defense fortifications.used to try to stop tanks, failed because they just went around |
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| 1919-1933, Progressive new Democratic government, emphasized civil liberty |
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By 1939 only France and Great Britain are democracies
The modern totalitarian state |
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| Manchuria, Nazi, Mussolini's Italy |
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| National Socialist Party (Nazi) Hitler |
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| Also known as Hitler Youth, kind of like the German Boy Scouts, Hitler trained his children at a young age so if they were needed in battle. Teaching the Nazi ideals at a young age so the nazi party will not die off. |
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| Known as the night of Shattered Glass, November 9-10, 1938. Jewish businesses were destroyed and at least one hundred Jews were killed. |
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| Hitler's autobiography written in 1925, |
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| 1936-1938 over 8 million people arrested. |
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| known as a lightning war, first bombed from the sky followed by a ground attack, happened at the beginning of WWII |
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| Germany invades the Soviet Union on June 22,1941,Largest invasion force in history 3,000,000 German Forces + satelitte forces |
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| August 1940, Famous Churchill's finest hour speech |
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| Attack occured on December 7, 1941, caught the American's completely off guard, attacked us in the morning and destroyed a fews ships and killed many, FDR declaed war on Japan the day after, december 8 |
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Composed of Us, USSR, and Britain, Defeat of Germany the first priority
Military aid to Russia and Britain
Allies ignore political differences
Agree on unconditional surrender |
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| June 6,1944, Five assault divisions landed on the beaches in Normandy,disembarkation day, this day was used to push back german troops |
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| Hot headed general that was a very controversial figure. Commander of the North African/Sicilian Front. Relieved of his command after slapping a soldier acoss the face. Was not a part of D-Day but he as a big part of the Bulge, Commanded the third Army. |
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| Top US General, Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Europe, Patton, Bradley, and MOntgomery were below him, Led the D-Day Invasion |
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| Commanded at D-Day from the sidelines, Gentle, courteous leader he is the opposite of Patton even though they are good friends, His command took the brunt of the Bulge campaign |
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| Field Marshall Montgomery |
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| Nicknamed "Monty" tryed to appear in front of his soldiers as much as possible. He commanded the 1st army at the Battle of the Bulge |
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| He was in extremely poor health and in the middle of his presidential portrait he fell and died, he was a crucial part of the Yalta Confrence |
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| FDR's Vice President that took over when FDR died, he inherited the Soviet conflict as well as the Cold War with no preperation from FDR, he also made the decision to drop the nukes on Japan |
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| Hamburg and Dresden bombardment |
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| Americans began bombing and pretty much leveling Hambug and Dresden in the daylight to make the Germans know it was us. 75,000 people died and several miles of land completely destroyed. |
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| Victory in Europe day, May 7-8, 1945 |
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| Atomic bomb was dropped here on August 6,1944. Named Little Boy killed 78,000 Japanese instantly, left permanent damage on the area. Was used to make Japan surrender |
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| Second location where an atomic bomb was dropped, this one occurred on August 9,1944 with the same intent as "Little Boy", instantly killed 76,000 people. This forced Japan to surrender on August 15,1945. |
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| This was a place where Jew's were put before they were put into concentration camps and they were all crammed into this ghetto that was very small. |
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| Plan to kill all European Jew's, slowly taking away all of there rights. |
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| Special strike forces that had been created in order to round up all the Polish Jews and concentrate them in ghettos established in a number of Polish Cities, they then became a mobile killing squad. |
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| Victory over Japan day is celebrated on September 2 because that is when the surrender document was signed |
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| The new Jewish homeland as named by the United Nations |
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| very famous Jewish woman who is well known for going into hiding from the Nazi's and writing in her diary which is now one of the most widely read books in the world. |
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| This was an attempt to collect war reparations from Germany after WWI. |
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| This plan replaces the Dawes plan on trying to recieve reparations from Germany, after the Dawes Plan doesnt work for 5 years |
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| Leader of the SS, which was a sort of defense corps during the Nazi era. He was an enormous figure in the Nazi Party |
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| This is the race that Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party were trying to create. In creating this mass race they attempted to eliminate all others including jews, handicapped, and others |
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| Occurred in 1923, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party had a failed attempt at a revolution, they were attempting to take control of Munich, Bavaria, and Germany. |
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| Jewish, captain in the French General Staff, was found guilty by a military court of selling army secrets and confined to life imprisonment on Devils' Island |
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| example of trench warfare, German offensive in 1916, over 10 months over 700,000 men died in a few square miles |
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| "living space" talked about in Hitler's mein kempf, he thought every nation should have living space with raw materials and land. |
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| Parts of czechloslavakia that were taken over by the Germans |
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| demilitarized zone between the wars |
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| 1939-peace agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets |
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| September 29, 1938, agreement to meet all of Hitler's demand to allow the Nazi's to occupy the Sudetenland as the Czechs were standing by hopelessly, failed act of appeasement |
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| Germany, Japan, and Italy |
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| Britain, Soviet Union, USA were known as the Big Three |
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| 1928, emphasized industrialization, real wages declined, use of propaganda |
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| Leader of the Soviet Union, 1929-1939, five year plan, rapid collectivization of agriculture, Dictatorship established, anti bolsheivik, and part of the Great Purge |
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| Anti Democratic and Anti Economic (not socialism)Belief that individuals rule not the masses, belief in holiness and heroism, Mussolini |
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| Came to Power in Italy in 1922(prime Minister), fascist, power in the hands of the state only, |
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| war between general francisco franco's forces and the forces from the popular front, Franco's forces gradually wore down the forces from the popular front eventually taking Madrid on Marh 28, 1939. Brutal war killing 400,000 people |
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| Dictator of Spain during the SPanish Civil war, traditional conservative authoritarian government |
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| bombing of a U.S. gunboat by japanease as it was patrolling the Yangtze River. |
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| 1937-Japanese overtook and butchered civilians |
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| March 11,1938, Germany invaded Austria |
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| best known for his appeasement foreign policy, and in particular for his signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938, conceding the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Germany. |
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| the government of France that collaborated with the Axis powers from July 1940 to August 1944. |
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| Operation Lightfoot/ El Alamein |
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| The air war fought in the deserts airfield of libya, in 1941 |
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| Invasion of Sicily/Operation Avalanche |
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| Key battle in the WWII where the allies took control and shut down the German advance. Germany Surrendered February 2,1943 |
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| American's pushed the German forces back to the Ardennes Forest |
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| Last German Offensive, brutal war and allies pushed on through Germany |
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| February 4-11, 1945, Churchill, Stalin, and FDR, Tryed to decide how to defeat Germany, the confrence favored Russia |
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| July 16,1945, Stalin, Churchhill, Truman, decide how to administer punishment to the defeated Nazi Germany, which had agreed to unconditional surrender nine weeks earlier, |
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| First Battle of the Marne |
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| Second Battle of the Marne |
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| Included moratars, bayonnets, 3 man machine guns airplanes and tanks |
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| was a 1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make war against the United States[1]. The proposal was caught by the British before it could get to Mexico. The revelation angered the Americans and led in part to a U.S. declaration of war in April |
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| Treaty signed on March 3, 1918 that communist government signed with germany giving up poland, the ukraine, and the baltic peninsula |
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The Western Front was the site of massive carnage:
millions of soldiers died in offensives and counteroffensives as they moved battle lines a few miles at a time in France and Belgium from 1914 to 1917
Soldiers in the trenches were often surrounded by the rotting bodies of dead comrades. |
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Russia made early gains but then was pushed far back into its own territory by the German army.
After the Bolsheviks seized power, they negotiated the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which extracted Russia from the war at the cost of substantial Russian territory |
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| Germany, Austria HUngary, and the Ottoman Empire |
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| (1881-1970) Minister of Justice in Duma |
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| a Russian Orthodox Christian and mystic who is perceived as having influenced the latter days of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II |
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| a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years (1917–1924), |
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| a Russian Marxist revolutionary and theorist, Soviet politician, and the founder and first leader of the Red Army. |
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| Woodrow Wilson's peace agreement made during WWI that included a peace resolution |
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| understood to refer to a diplomatic policy aimed at avoiding war by making concessions to another power, Munich Agreement an example |
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| type of rigid airship pioneered by the German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the early 20th century |
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| a surrender without conditions, in which no guarantees are given to the surrendering party |
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| Concentration camps set up during the Holocaust in Poland to hold Jews |
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| the leadership principle, nothing less than a single minded party under one leader |
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| head of the SS's security service, was given administrative responsibility of the Final SOlution |
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| German Nazi and SS-Obersturmbannführer (Lieutenant Colonel) and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust |
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| Hitler's head architect, made minister of armaments and munitions in 1942 |
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| Propaganda minister of Nazi Germany |
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| Death/Concentration camps |
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| camps built to hold jews and make them work to create a product and eventually be terminated through burning, or gas shower. |
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| assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 |
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| began on September 19, 1931 |
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| payments made by a defeated nation after a war to compensate another nation for damage sustained as a result of a war; Germany after WWI |
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| Leader of Britain, went to the Yalta confrence, |
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| Erwin Rommel, nicknamed, a German Field Marshal of World War II |
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| n Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the Nazi Party,most commonly associated with the rise of fascism in Europe, World War II, and the Holocaust |
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| a German politician, military leader, and a leading member of the Nazi Party, Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe |
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| widely known as the Red Baron, was a German fighter pilot with the Imperial German Army Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte) during World War I. He is considered the ace-of-aces of that war, |
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| a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II |
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| Bomber plane that dropped the Nuke on hiroshima |
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| COncentration camp built in Madrid |
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| meaning "work sets you free" or "work liberates".[1] The slogan is known for having been placed over the entrances to a number of Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust, including most infamously Auschwitz |
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| Trials for Nazi war criminals, everyone exiled to death except one who killed himself, November 20, 1945 to October 1, 1946 |
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| the forcible movement between Autumn 1944 and late April 1945 by Nazi Germany of thousands of prisoners from German concentration camps near the war front to camps inside Germany. |
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| a paramilitary organization of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (or Nazi Party). It played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s |
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| major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Built upon the Nazi ideology, Led by Heinrich Himmler |
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| the official secret police of Nazi Germany |
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| an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, |
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| Ottomans only really fouight from there own territory |
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| the parts of World War II that took place in the Pacific Ocean, its islands, and in East Asia, then called the Far East. |
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| was the parliament of the North German Confederation (1867–1870), and of the German Reich (1871–1945). |
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| Nazi Party Rallying Grounds |
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| about 11 square kilometres in the southeast of Nuremberg, Germany. Six Nazi party rallies were held there between 1933 and 1938 |
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| an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace |
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