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| One of the fourfold modes of Medieval Interpretation. Moral. I.e. Jerusalem is tropologically the soul. |
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| One of the fourfold modes of Medieval interpretation. I.e. Jerusalem is "literally" the city of god. |
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| One of the fourfold modes of Medieval Interpretation. Mystical. I.e. Jerusalem is Anagogically Heaven. |
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| One of the fourfold modes of Medieval Interpretation. I.e. Jerusalem is allegorically the Christian Church. |
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| Charlemagne's close ally. Ambushed and killed by Basqe troops. |
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| Strong soldier, moral, virtuous. Betrayed by his stepfather Ganelon. Killed by Saracen troops along with the rest of Charlemagne's rear guard. Had a sword named Durendal. |
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| Sung by Jongleurs. A poem of moral and spiritual absolutes. Describes the tragedy of the Battle of Roncesvalles, and the virtuosity of Roland, noble cousin of Charlemagne and Ganelon, traitorous stepfather. |
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| Roland's traitorous stepfather. Sells out the rearguard and his stepson for treasures. Drawn and quartered for his crimes. |
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| An unimpressive Frank who defeats Pinabel in a duel, therefore convicting Ganelon. |
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| A smooth talking Saracen who defends Ganelon. Killed by Tierri. |
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| Roland's Parallel's to Christ |
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| Ganelon as Judas. Twelve peers compared to Twelve Apostles. |
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| Roland's legendary horn. He bursts his temple sounding it to warn Charlemagne. |
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| Leader of the Saracen forces.Focused on possessions. Has a lance named Maltet (Evil) and a sword called Precieuse (Precious). |
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| Roland's sword. As virtuous and unbreakable as his master. Roland tries to destroy the sword to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Saracens. |
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| Geatish Warrior. Defeated the monster Grendel and his mother. Aided in the slaying of the dragon, but ultimately died of his wounds. Was a great warrior, but fell apart as king. Virtuous warrior who's strength is in his hands and in the wit in his tongue. |
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| King of the Danes. Built the great mead hall Heorot. Calls upon Beowulf to kill Grendel. Eventually adopts Beowulf as his son. |
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| Sturdy Swedish Warrior. When all of Beowulf's retainers flee when the dragon attacks, Wiglaf stays by Beowulf's side. He is given the Gold necklace of royalty by Beowulf. |
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| A wolf in sheep's clothing. A human version of Grendel. Offers Beowulf his sword to fight Grendel's Mother. |
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| Man-price. I.E. If you slay another man, you have to pay his family his "price" in gold. Open to reprisals which often led to family feuds. |
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| Life is like a sparrow's flight through a hall. |
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| Compound phrase. I.e. Bone-house, Whale Road. |
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Underestimated as a boy. Gifted with prodigious strength in his hands. Tremendous eloquence.
Resists all temptation to succeed the usurp.
Sage Diplomat. |
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| The Defining Problem (Boethius' Philosophy) |
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| How does one put together Greco-Roman philosophy with Judeo-Christian heritage. |
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| Medieval Philosopher. Was thrown in jail for treason charges. Educated as a philosopher. Wrote the Consolation of Philosophy in jail. |
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Meets Lady Philosophy.
Uses God's Providence and Love.
Reason over emotions.
Chariot analogy. Human is charioteer while the horses are emotion. Humans must have control over emotions. |
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Those that have been evil, vice is their own punishment.
Lost everything he loves.
Nature does not make one happy. |
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"Our hearts are restless until they rest in thee".
One should not seek gold and pleasures. |
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Believes evil is happening to him.
Why does evil exist in a monotheistic religion?
God can do no evil. Source of universal good.
Punish the wicked. |
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Escape the cave, the darkness by using reasoning.
If God knows everything, then life is predetermined?
God sees past, present, and future all at once.
Question of free will.
Make decisions, I.E. free will. Decisions turn you toward good or evil. |
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| Leaves the royal court and forms a monastery. |
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| Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite |
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| Cited extensively throughout the medieval period.He was influenced by hierarchy and mysticism. Negative theology: A corrective to excessive rationalism. |
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| Wandering Irish Monk who attempted to explain all reality in a rational way. Identified god with created reality. |
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| What does Boethius characterize fortune as? |
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| Relationship between a thane and his lord. |
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| When was the Baptism of Clovis? |
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| When was Charlemagne crowned and why was it so significant? |
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| He was crowned on Christmas day, 800. The crowning was significant because there was an eastern emperor at the same time. |
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| Describe characteristics of Medieval Europe in 1000. |
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| Agriculture rises. Cities begin to grow again. Universities emerge. Revival of religious life. |
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| Describe characteristics of Medieval Europe in 1300. |
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| Downturn. Plague. 100 years war. Martin Luther. Schism between church and state. |
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| What happened in 313 and why was it significant? |
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| Edict of Milan. Constantine legalized Christianity. |
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| Council of Nicea. God was defined as one substance. |
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| The Middle Ages are believed to have "started". |
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| The History of Franks, which detailed the Baptism of Clovis, was written by whom? |
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| The first monastic leader to organize monks in monasteries. |
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| Applies Roman ideas to Monastic life. Starts off in a cave. Wants his monks to take a vow of stability. |
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| Educator from York "recruited" by Charlemagne to aid in country wide education reform. |
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| Monastic center where old Greco-Roman classics were written down. These classics survive due to the Scriptoria. |
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