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| In establishing the Second Empire, _____________________ received the overwhelming electoral support of the people. |
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| Among ___________________ great domestic projects was a reconstruction of Paris with broad boulevards, public squares, and municipal utilities. |
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| In economic matters, ______________________ used government resources to stimulate the national economy and industrial growth. |
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| Napoleon's most disastrous foreign policy adventure occurred in __________________. |
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| In the opinion of the British prime minister, the proclamation of a newly unified German state ruled by an emperor in 1871 guaranteed peace, as a single _____________________ was better than many competing Germanies. |
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| The immediate origins of the Crimean War involved Russia's right to protect ____________________ shrines in Palestine. |
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| In seeking unification, many _______________________ nationalists in the 1850's looked for leadership from the kingdom of Piedmont. |
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| The prime minister of Piedmont who organized the Italian unification movement was __________________________________. |
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| The dominant foreign power in Italy prior to unification was __________________. |
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| The leader of the Red Shirts who helped to unify Italy through his military command was ______________________________________. |
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| The final act of Italian unification occurred in 1870 when _______________________ became the capital city following the withdrawal of French troops. |
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| Among the key motives prompting England and France to fight Russia in the Crimean War must be counted ______________________________’s concern over disruption of the existing balance of power. |
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| Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian-born leader of German unification, practiced Realpolitik in conducting domestic and foreign policy. |
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| The __________________________________ describes the German states' customs union dominated by Prussia. |
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| As chancellor of Prussia, Otto von ________________________ largely bypassed parliament in pursuing his political goals of military modernization. |
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| The immediate origins of the Franco-Prussian War concerned Bismarck's devious editing of a telegram from King William I. |
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| Prussian leadership of ________________________ unification meant that the triumph of authoritarian and militaristic values over liberal and constitutional values in the new German state. |
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| In 1871, William I was proclaimed Kaiser, or emperor, of the Second Reich in ___________________________. |
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| The Ausgleich or Compromise of 1867 created the _____________________ monarchy of Austria-Hungary. |
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| The reforms of Tsar Alexander II centered around the abolition of __________________. |
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| The Russian ______________________were local assemblies with limited self-governing powers. |
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| The radical organization responsible for the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881 was the ________________________. |
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| By 1860, there were approximately ____ million slaves in the United States. |
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| The American Civil War of 1861-65 was a clear precursor of _____ in the twentieth century |
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| Canada largely gained its independence in 1867 with the Dominion of _____________________ Act. |
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| he ___________________ of Marx and Engels based all historical development on class struggle. |
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| By 1870, by far the largest producer of pig iron was _________________________. |
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| Karl ________________________ embraced the German philosopher Hegel's idea of the dialectic, meaning all change in history is the result of clashes between directly antagonistic elements. |
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| According to Karl Marx, the final result of the struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat would be a ______________________________ society. |
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| The First International served as a type of umbrella organization for all European _______________________ interests. |
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The theoretical discoveries in science in the nineteenth century led to all of the following:
a. a belief in material reality as the only reality.
b. great advances in mathematics and thermodynamics.
c. technological improvements that affected all Europeans.
d. greater material progress, at least for many. |
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| Charles _________________________________ theory emphasized the idea of the "survival of the fit" in which advantageous natural variants and environmental adaptations in organisms determine their survival. |
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| Charles Darwin's ____________________________ argued for the animal origins of human beings, who had evolved by adapting to their environment over time. |
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| The germ theory of disease was primarily the work of _________________________. |
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| Elizabeth Blackwell became the first formally educated female doctor in _______________. |
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| Auguste Comte was responsible for founding the discipline of __________________. |
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| The dominant literary and artistic movement in the 1850s and 1860s was __________________. |
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| The nineteenth century composer associated with the concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk ("total art work") was __________________________. |
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| In late nineteenth-century Europe, human progress was increasingly identified with material progress or greater consumption of _____ |
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| By 1871, the focus of Europeans' lives had become the _____________________ state. |
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| The "Second Industrial Revolution" saw the advent of what new product? ____________________ |
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| What type of new energy source powered the second industrial revolution? _________________ |
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| The first internal combustion engine burning a mixture of gas and air was produced in __________ |
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| The development of markets after 1870 was best characterized by urban consumers in Europe who desired a growing number of _____ |
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| Industrialization in ___________ was the result of government planning and initiative. |
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| In late nineteenth-century ________________________, increased competition for foreign markets and the growing importance of domestic demand for economic development led to a strong reaction against free trade and imposition of steep protective tariffs by most nations. |
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| The Second Industrial Revolution experienced a drop in________ |
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| Employment opportunities for _________________________ during the Second Industrial Revolution changed in quality and quantity with the expansion of the service sector. |
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| When not able to find work in the factories, many working class European _____________________ took jobs as clerks, shop assistants, and nurses. |
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| A rise in female prostitution in European cities during the later nineteenth century can best be attributed to heavy migration to cities by country women and their increasingly desperate struggle for_____________. |
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| An issue that brought socialists together in the nineteenth century was the desire to improve working and living conditions for most _____________________________ |
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| The ________________________________ revisionist Eduard Bernstein stressed the need for working through democratic politics to create socialism |
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| The trade union movement prior to World War I varied from country to country, but was generally allied with ______________________________ parties. |
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| Initially, trade _________________________ in the first half of the nineteenth century functioned primarily as mutual aid societies. |
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| ____________________ movements were most successful in less industrialized and less democratic countries where ordinary people could see no hope of peaceful political change. |
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| By 1914, the nation with the largest number of trade unionists was ________________. |
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| The chief cause of rising European populations between 1850 and 1880 was a declining ____________________ rate. |
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| The driving force behind immigration to the cities was _________ opportunities |
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| Octavia _______________________’s housing venture was designed to give the poor an environment they could use to improve themselves. |
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The upper classes in the late nineteenth century included:
a. the landed aristocracy.
b. the upper middle classes.
c. wealthy upper middle classes.
d. industrial plutocrats |
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| he ________________________ classes of nineteenth-century Europe were very concerned with propriety and shared values of hard work and Christian morality. |
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| The largest segment of European society in the nineteenth century was composed of _____________, ___________________, and ______________ |
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| peasant landholders, unskilled day laborers, and domestic servants |
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| For Elizabeth Poole Sanford, women should avoid being _____________________________. |
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All of the following were used to limit family size in the late nineteenth century: P715
a. coitus interruptus.
b. abortion.
c. abandonment.
d. infanticide. |
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| European middle-class families during the late nineteenth century stressed functional knowledge for their ________________________ to prepare them for their future roles. |
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| _____________________ in European working-class families were fully expected to work until marriage. |
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| By 1900, most European educational systems were free and compulsory at least at the____________. |
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| Although several motives drove European states to develop systems of mass public education for their citizens, the chief reason for which they did this was ________ to produce more informed voters in expanding electorates and to heighten patriotism. |
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| A new development in the age of mass leisure was ________________________ |
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| Who was responsible for the theory of relativity? __________________________ |
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| According to Sigmund ________________________, behavior was determined by one's unconscious and by inner drives of which people were generally unaware. |
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| Social Darwinism was applying the ideas of ______________________ to society. |
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| Pissarro's statement that "It is the brush stroke with the right value and color which should produce the drawing....Don't proceed with rules and principles, but paint what you observe and feel" refers to which school of painting? __________________________ |
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Modernism in music included all of the following elements: P740-741
a. attraction to the exotic.
b. nationalist themes.
c. folk music.
d. the lure of the primitive. |
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| The first professional occupation to be opened up to women was __________________. |
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| In general, by the late nineteenth century, the worst treatment of the Jews occurred in _________________________ Europe. |
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During the Progressive era in the United States, all of the following reforms were adopted: p751
a. Pure Food and Drug Act.
b. Meant Inspection Act.
c. federal income tax legislation.
d. Federal Reserve System. |
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| Who said, "All this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for the elections." ______________________________________ |
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| The "open door" policy was to allow more freedom of trade in so-called spheres of influence in _____________________________. |
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| The Meiji Restoration in __________________________ created a political system democratic in form but rigidly authoritarian in practice and sent many Japanese abroad to be educated in the ways of the west and adopted many western reforms in political and military organization. |
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British rule brought all of the following to India in the late nineteenth century: p760
a. western-style secondary schools.
b. western technology, such as railroads and medical knowledge.
c. great security and order.
d. relatively honest and efficient government. |
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| The Triple Alliance before 1914 included which countries? ____________ and ____________ and _______________ |
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