Term
| What was the medieval world view? |
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Definition
| The earth was at the center of the universe and planets revolved around the earth. The heavens were perfect and unchanging and the earth was not perfect and changing. |
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Term
| When did the view of nature begin to change? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did people begin to see the natural world? |
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Definition
| Many saw the natural world reflecting universal truths that could be expressed through mathematics. |
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Term
| What was Copernicus' important theory? |
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Definition
| Every thing revolved around the sun. |
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Term
| What theory did Copernicus theory replace? |
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Definition
| Ptolemy's theory that the earth was at the center of the universe. |
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Term
| What error did Copernicus' theory still have? |
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Definition
| He saw the planets as having perfect circulatory orbits. |
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Term
| What was important about Tycho Brache's observations? |
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Definition
| He discovered a comet; it showed that the heavens were not perfect and changing. |
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Term
| What did Kepler discover? |
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Definition
| Laws of planetary motion; explains the movement around the sun in elliptical motion. |
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Term
| What did Galileo believe? |
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Definition
| There were universal truths that could be discovered through experiment. |
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Term
| What was the significance of his (Galileo's) observations of sunspots and the surface of the moon? |
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Definition
| The heavens weren't perfect and were changing. |
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Term
| Why did the Catholic Church feel threatened by Galileo? |
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Definition
| His view of the universe conflicted with scripture. |
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Term
| In what countries did scientist tend to live? |
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Definition
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Term
| What laws did Newton come up with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was his (Newton's) most important achievment? |
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Definition
| The law of universal gravitation. |
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Term
| What was Paracelsian ideas associated with? |
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Definition
| Diagnostic medicine; a specific disease can be determined and a specific chemical to treat the disease can be found. |
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Term
| Who was the English scientist who discovered the workings of the human circulatory system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does rationalism stress? |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of deductive reasoning: |
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Definition
| From general reasoning to specific truth |
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Term
| What does empiricism stress? |
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Definition
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Term
| Example of empiricism stress: |
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Definition
| From specific truth to general principle |
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Term
| Who said "I think, therefore I am"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was his (Des Cartes) approach to thought? |
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Definition
| To doubt everything; he felt people were born with innate ideas in their mind. He thought the universe was rational; you must use deductive reasoning to understand the world around you. |
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Term
| What were some of his(Des Cartes) contributions? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An English scientist and philosopher |
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Term
| What was his (Bacon's) type of reasoning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did he (Bacon) believe about the goals of science? |
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Definition
| Science should be used to improve the human condition and advance trade and industry. |
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Term
| What was John Locke's beliefs about innate ideas? |
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Definition
| There were no innate ideas; the mind was a blank slate at birth. |
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Term
| What did he (Locke) think our beliefs about the nature of the world depended on? |
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Definition
| Our beliefs about the world depended on data recieved through senses. |
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Term
| Do rationalism and empiricism contradict each other? |
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Definition
| No, they start at a different place but arrive at the same truth. |
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Term
| Did the new scientific method depend on traditional authority? |
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Definition
| No, it was challenging traditional authority. |
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Term
| What did it (the new scientific method) emphasize? |
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Definition
| Mechanical concept of the universe, reason based on observation, mathematical laws and experimentation. |
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