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| advantage was that they had the best navy in the world |
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| Main belief in believers baptism NOT baby baptism |
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| head of the pope’s private army which was the Swiss mercenaries |
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| Soveignty of God, depravity of Man, Predestination, Unconditional election |
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| Duke of Buckingham, beheaded |
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| first King after monarchy was restored to England |
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| In colonial America there were no bishops, under Elizabeth the first the church was truly founded |
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| mercenary soldiers and would kill anyone or defend anything for the highest bidder but would sometimes take over the city |
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| decisions: church tradition is equal to scripture; celibacy of clergy is to be enforced |
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| killed and sold people into slavery in Ireland |
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| Cultural Causes of the Renaissance |
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| Ad fonts (to the fountain/source), cultural-close heritage to classic Romans, rebirth to past/Political-never unified to one king so it was easy to make changes/Economic-Italy was more wealthy than everyone else, center of banking, could get an education and buy paintings |
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Dates
Lorenzo DeMedici dies:
Whigs come to power:
Prince Kaunitz establishes alliance between Austria and France:
Cosimo DeMedici's dates:
30 Years War: |
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Lorenzo: 1492
Whigs: 1701
Kaunitz: 1750
Cosimo: 1434-1464
30 Years War: 1618-1648 |
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| divine comedy tours hell, purgatory, and paradise |
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| Giovanni was founder, Lorenzo the magnificent dies in the 1492 and was the greatest, Cosimo made welfare for artists |
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| Written by Giovanni Boccaccio (a medieval allegorical work) |
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| Declines of the Italian Renaissance |
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| start of the protestant reformation, political instability in the Italian states, and the French invasion of Italy |
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| wood cuts and copper engravings |
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| true founder of the Church of England |
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| People in the high church movement sided with King, parliament had two advantages: wealth and the English navy |
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| believed the church needed reform from within, edited the Greek text of the NT |
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| established this because they feared too much power for the central government |
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| Leading family was the De Medici, most important renaissance city in the 15th cent., banking, Lorenzo helped make it big |
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| Ruler of the city of Mulan and a leading conditorri of his day |
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| Leader in Russia, In Prussia they had three strengths: Fred’s great leadership, Prussian army was the world’s best, Iron Prussian discipline |
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| French middle class had no political power before, not too radical at the start but the reign of terror made it crazy |
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| discovered rings of Saturn and the four moons of Jupiter with his own telescope |
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| Glorious Revolution and Reign of Terror |
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| King James ran out; first bloody part of French Revolution and good came of it (no king at this time) |
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| Aristarchus/Copernicus came up with it, arguments against it: it violates scripture, tradition, and common sense |
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| was a foundational concept for renaissance in Italy, a deep interest in the study of literature, Roman and Greek, culture of the day, a willingness to look at more of the world than what religion deals with, new theological answers to things, felt free to express themselves in the now |
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| founder of the Jesuit order |
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low point for Simony and Nepotism
Instrument of Government-First written constitution in the western world and it was for England |
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| of the Stuart dynasty, believed in the divine right of kings |
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| denied that the orbits are circles but rather oval |
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Habit of fixing watches
Lucrecia Borgia-Pope Alexander 6th was his father |
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| points of Lutheranism: many “sola” things, salvation by faith, priesthood of believers |
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| when successful middle class married old nobility and became the merchant-prince class |
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| wrote that no ideal is worth killing your neighbor over |
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| he didn’t write an encyclopedia, but rather wrote many political articles and papers and was an influencial political thinker in France |
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| He didn’t declare himself emperor, sleep only two hours a night |
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| gravity, universe runs according to a set of laws |
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| Northern Renaissance vs. Italian Renaissance |
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| North was more religious, (Ad fontes) South returned to the fountain or the source (Greek and Roman times) |
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| Oil paint: better and brighter colors that were more durable |
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| Gibraltar is given to Britain |
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| Wrote his poems to Laura and thought there was great value in classical literature |
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| all Jewish literature should be destroyed |
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| commissioned Michelangelo |
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| established a treaty between france and austria |
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| Wrote Gargatuna, Panagruanl |
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| came because people were sick of Catholicism and there were other ideas |
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| Religious causes of the Reformation |
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| Traffic in sacred relics, sale of indulgences, keeping poor people in the dark and stealing their money. The point was to get bible in circulation so people could learn it for themselves |
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| First British Prime minister |
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| How did it spread? From Italy to rest or Europe through business travelers, students, churchman. Learn in Italy and then spread north |
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| James the 1st was the founder |
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| The French sided with the protestants, dates of it |
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| Trading, middle man, island so it was protected from war, ruling was the grand council and the Doge was the head |
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| More Liberal party in the 1700’s |
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| Persecuted for translating NT into English |
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| (Essay)Economic decline in Renaissance Italy |
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-Loss of economic supremacy because of the age of discovery
-Portuguese found other ways to get to the east instead of through Italy causing the ports to close
-Vasco De Gama found that you can sail around Africa offering a direct route
-In 1492 Columbus found the new world
-Holland, England, Spain, and Portugal all now new economic powers |
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-Was very anti-religion and anti-clergy
-Like toleration for political views
-Had a lot of correspondence with kings/Queens: people in high power
-Famous literary figure of his day |
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-Was skeptical and anti-church
-Said God exists, but is remote
-Said there was no difference between Christian and pagan behavior
-Doesn't believe in revealed church: bible or church traditions
-"no ideal is worth killing your neighbor over" |
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| (book)The spread of the Protestant Reformation |
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| (book)Politics and the wars of religion in the sixteenth century |
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| (book)On the brink of a new world |
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| (book)New horizons: the Portuguese and Spanish empires |
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| (book)The flourishing of European culture |
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| (book)Advances in medicine and chemistry |
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| (book)Culture and society in the Enlightenment |
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| (book)Religion and the churches |
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| (book)The social order of the Eighteenth Century |
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| Visconti family ruled there at one point |
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| he did not have serious doctrinal issues with the catholic church, rather he disagreed in order to get a divorce |
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| his great victory was the Battle of Rossbach |
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| War of Spanish Succession |
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| the decisive battle was Blenheim |
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| ended the Thirty Year's War |
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